以人为本、因地制宜:民族地区乡村振兴战略健康推进的关键--费孝通城乡及区域发展调查研究的启示

To Put People First and Adjust Measures to Local Circumstances is the Key to Healthy Promotion of Rural Revitalization in Ethnic Areas:Insights from Fei Xiaotong's Research on Urban-Rural and Regional Development

当前,乡村振兴战略成为脱贫攻坚之后的又一国家重大发展战略,尤其是在民族地区如何推动乡村振兴的健康发展,也是各界关注讨论的焦点。著名社会学家、民族学家费孝通曾立足于中国实际和“志在富民”的学术追求,通过对中国社会尤其是城乡及区域长期的田野调查,提出一系列思想见解。对如何健康推进当前民族地区的乡村振兴事业具有重要启示,包括做好实地调研,深刻理解中国乡村社会本质和乡民真实需求;坚持以人为本,准确认识乡村振兴的乡民主体地位和生态内涵;因地因时制宜,把握好不同地区乡村振兴的发展方向和实现路径;转化资源优势,尊重且合理开发民族地区乡村振兴中的文化需求;推进产业调整,处理好乡村人口密度与经济发展水平的矛盾关系等。

At present,rural revitalization has become another major national development strategy after poverty eradication,and how to promote the healthy development of rural revitalization especially in ethnic areas is also the focus of attention and discussion from all walks of life.Based on the actual situation in China and the academic pursuit of "aiming at enriching the people",Fei Xiaotong,a famous sociologist and ethnologist,had proposed a series of ideas through long-term field investigations of Chinese society,especially in urban and rural areas and regions,which showed important insights on how to promote rural revitalization in ethnic areas,including doing careful field research and having deep understanding of the nature of Chinese rural society and the real needs of the villagers,adhering to the people-oriented approach and accurate understanding of the subject status and ecological connotation of the villagers in rural revitalization,grasping the developing direction and ways to realize rural revitalization in different regions according to the local conditions and time,transforming the advantages of resources and reasonably developing the cultural needs in the rural revitalization of ethnic areas with respect,promoting industrial restructuring and dealing with the contradictory relationship between rural population density and economic development level,etc.