“干吗”的负面立场标记演变

The Evolution of the Negative Stance Marker “ganma”

“干吗”的负面立场标记用法,是由其表询问焦点用法演变而来。而“干吗”在反问句中的使用是其演变的温床与关键催化剂。贯穿整个演变过程的机制主要是反问句独特句法环境压制带来的功能悬空与语境吸收。同时,“干吗”的双音结构与主观反预期性也为其演变奠定了语音与语义潜质。可见,从动态、发展的视角看,反问句加强否定的句法环境,经过长时间的潜移默化而浸染到用来凸显反问语气的疑问词身上,使其带有规约性隐含否定义,从而为其进一步向负面立场标记演化奠定坚实的语义基础。

The negative stance marker usage of “ganma” evolved from the “ganma” of the question focus. The use of “ganma” in rhetorical questions is a hotbed and key catalyst of discourse tokenization. Mechanisms throughout the evolution are mainly functional suspension and absorption of context queried by the unique syntactic environment of the rhetorical questions.At the same time, the two-syllable structure and subjective counter-expectation of “ganma” also lay a solid phonetic and semantic potential for its evolution. It can be seen that from the dynamics and development perspective, the syntactic environment of rhetorical questions that strengthens negation attaches to interrogative words used to highlight the interrogative tone after a long period of impregnation, so that they have a conventional implied negation, thus laying a solid semantic foundation for their evolution to negative stance markers.