从位置分布角度看示证语隐现的动因

The Motivation of Using Evidentials:From the Perspective of Distribution

本文从示证语的位置分布入手,探讨汉语口语会话中可能影响示证语使用的语用动因。考察发现,示证语主要分布在句法小句的句首及主要谓语之前;从韵律角度来说,语调单元之首是示证语分布的优势位置,而这一位置正是说话人进行立场表达的最常见位置。依据互动语言学的位置敏感原则,本文认为汉语中示证语的凸显与否,与说话人调节认识立场表达的需要密切相关。

This study begins with the distribution of evidentials in Chinese conversation and investigates the motivation that may affect the usage of them. The majority of evidentials are attached to a syntactic head or before the main verb of a sentence, and from a prosodic perspective, the evidentials prefer to locate at the beginning of intonation units, which is the unmarked place for speakers to express their stance. On the basis of context-sensitive principle,this paper argues that whether or not to use evidentials depends on speakers’ epistemic stance taking.