历史合力论:马克思与恩格斯思想的内在一致性

Historical Resultant Theory:the Internal Consistency between Marx and Engels

根据恩格斯的提示研究马克思的文本可以清楚地发现,马克思和恩格斯就历史合力论而言,并非如部分国内外学者所言存在着对立,恰恰相反,他们之间有着内在的一致性。马克思认为,作为经济基础的生产关系体系包含生产、交换、分配和消费等多方面,在支撑政治和观念的上层建筑的同时又受制于上层建筑,二者存在复杂的互动关系。上层建筑并非总是第二位的,而是具有相对独立性,并作为历史发展进程的重要因素,成为历史发展动力的有机组成部分。在历史动力的表现形式上,马克思和恩格斯都认为历史过程的最终结局表现为所有个人意志的合力或最大平均数,但这种合力的形成归根到底受制于现实生活的生产和再生产。

According to Engels’tips,studying Marx’s text,we can clearly find that Marx and Engels don’t have opposition as some domestic and foreign scholars say in terms of the theory of historical resultant.On the contrary,they have internal consistency.First of all,Marx believes that the production relations system as the economic basis includes many aspects such as production,exchange,distribution and consumption.While supporting the superstructure of politics and ideas,it is also subject to the superstructure.There is a complex interactive relationship between the two.Secondly,superstructure is not always second,but has relative independence,and will become an organic part of the driving of historical development as an important factor in the process of historical development.Finally,in the form of expression of historical power,Marx and Engels believe that the final outcome of the historical process is the resultant or an aggregate mean of all individual wills.But in the final analysis,the formation of this resultant is subject to the production and reproduction of real life.