Toll样受体介导mRNA疫苗自佐剂效应的研究进展

Progress in research on self-adjuvant effect of mRNA vaccine mediated by Toll like receptor

随着辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna公司的mRNA疫苗获批上市,mRNA疫苗技术再次引起关注。作为一种新型疫苗,mRNA疫苗在承接DNA疫苗、病毒载体疫苗精准设计、快速制备等优势的同时,还具备较高的生物安全性,在预防传染病及抗肿瘤方面均具有广阔的应用前景。但mRNA疫苗的自佐剂效应作为影响免疫效力的重要因素,其作用备受争议。本文主要就机体内Toll样受体(Toll like receptor,TLR)对mRNA疫苗的识别应答方式,Ⅰ型干扰素(type Ⅰ interferon,IFN-1)及干扰素刺激基因(interferon stimulated gene,ISG)应答表现出的自佐剂效应复杂性,以及在mRNA修饰及结构上调控该种效应的策略作一综述。

The technology of mRNA vaccine has once attracted public attention again,with the achieving that Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna put their mRNA vaccine into the market.As a new vaccine,mRNA vaccine not only keeps the advantages of flexible design and rapid production from DNA vaccine and virus-vector vaccine,but also has higher biosafety and greater application prospect in infection prevention and tumor resistance.However,the self-adjuvant effect of mRNA vaccine,as an important role affecting immune efficacy,has been controversial.This article reviewed the pattern of Toll like receptor(TLR)recognition and responses with mRNA vaccine,the complexity of self-adjuvant effect of type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-1)and interferon stimulated gene(ISG)responses,and the strategies to regulate self-adjuvant effect on the side of mRNA modification and structure design.