儿童脱发疾病1133例临床分析

Clinical Analysis of 1133 Cases of Alopecia in Children

目的研究儿童脱发疾病的临床和流行病学,并评估临床治疗的反应性。方法前瞻性研究武汉儿童医院2019年4月1日-2020年3月31日接诊的脱发儿童,在详细的病史记录和临床检查后,对患者进行治疗,随访观察治疗的反应性和复发情况。结果纳入研究的儿童1133例。约92.76%为获得性病因,其中最常见的脱发原因的是斑秃(749例,占66.11%),其次是头癣(130例,11.50%),休止期脱发(81例,7.17%),拔毛癖(41例,3.63%),皮脂腺痣(51例,4.51%)以及其他不太常见的原因。头癣治疗效果好;斑秃早期发病和病程较长的患者常复发。结论脱发在儿童皮肤科门诊并不少见,绝大部分是非瘢痕性的,最常见的原因是斑秃、头癣、休止期脱发和拔毛癖。

Objective To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of alopecia in children and to evaluate the clinical response to treatment.Methods A prospective study was conducted on alopecia children admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital from April 1,2019 to March 31,2020.After detailed medical history,clinical and dermatoscopic examination,the patients were treated,and the reactivity and recurrence of treatment were followed up.Results One thousand and one hundred and thirty tree children were included in the study.Nearly 92.76%of the cases were caused by venereal diseases,of which the most common cause of hair loss was alopecia areata(749 cases,66.11%),followed by tinea capitis(130 cases,11.50%),telogen effluvium(81 cases,7.17%),trichotricomania(41 cases,3.63%),nevus sebaceous glands(51 cases,4.51%)and other less common causes.Tinea capitis treatment effect was good.Alopecia areata often recured in patients with early onset and longer course of disease.Conclusion Alopecia is not uncommon in pediatric dermatological clinic,most of them are non-scar,and the most common causes are alopecia areata,tinea capitis,telogen alopecia and trichotillomania.