紫花苜蓿品质提升途径及研究展望

Methods and prospects of quality improvement of Medicago sativa

被誉为“牧草之王”的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)因其高蛋白的特性而被作为优质牧草得到广泛关注,但我国生产的苜蓿与国外进口苜蓿相比品质较差,难以满足我国快速发展的畜牧业对优质牧草的需求。苜蓿的品质不仅取决于其自身品种以及生长过程中的形态发育,还会受到刈割、环境条件、种植密度、施肥、微生物作用以及杂草等因素的影响。因此,本文从多角度对影响紫花苜蓿品质(品质指标包括粗蛋白、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、相对饲喂价值)的因素进行综述,归纳了影响紫花苜蓿品质的研究进展,系统梳理了各因素在提高苜蓿品质中的重要作用和主要途径,期望通过对苜蓿品质提升因素的系统分析,助力我国苜蓿生产中高效的生产管理,实现苜蓿品质的提升。

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa),known as the“king of herbage”,has been widely regarded as a high-quality herbage due to its high protein.However,compared with imported alfalfa,the quality of domestic alfalfa produced in China was poor,and it was difficult to meet the demand of high quality forage for the rapid development of animal husbandry in China.The quality of alfalfa depends not only on its own varieties and morphological development,but also on mowing,environmental conditions,planting density,fertilization,microbial action and weeds.Therefore,the factors affecting the quality of alfalfa(quality indexes include crude protein,crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,crude fat and relative feeding value)were reviewed from multiple perspectives.Meanwhile,the research progress of affecting the quality of alfalfa was systematically summarized,the roles and approaches of various factors in improving alfalfa quality were clarified.Through the systematic analysis of alfalfa quality improvement factors,it was hoped to help efficient production management in alfalfa production in China and realize the improvement of alfalfa quality through systematic analysis of alfalfa quality improvement factors.