老年人心理健康状况调查及其影响因素分析

Investigation of mental health status and analysis of its influencing factors in the elderly

目的探讨老年体检者心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法选择2020年4—12月来首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院健康体检中心体检的300例老年人,收集体检者的一般资料,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其进行心理评估,其中阳性组196例,阴性组104例,比较2组社会支持情况,分析老年体检者心理状况的影响因素。结果老年人与国内常模的SCL-90评分中的敌对、恐怖、精神病性比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),老年人的躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执以及总分均高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其SCL-90评分阳性组与阴性组的主观支持、总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组客观支持及支持利用度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组性别、婚姻状况、锻炼情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组年龄、独居、医疗支付方式、教育年限、月收入、存在慢性病情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);采用多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁、独居、教育年限<9年、月收入<5000元,存在慢性病、支持利用度为老年体检者SCL-90评分阳性的独立危险因素。结论老年体检者多存在一定程度的心理障碍,年龄、独居、教育水平、经济、慢性病、支持利用度等是影响其心理状态的独立危险因素。

Objective To explore mental health status and influencing factors in the elderly.Methods A total of 300 elderly people undergoing physical examination in physical examination center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled between April and December 2020.Their general data were collected,and they were evaluated by symptom check-list 90(SCL-90).There were 196 cases in positive group and 104 cases in negative group.The social support between the two groups was compared.The influencing factors of mental status were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in SCL-90 scores(hostility,terror,psychosis)between the elderly and the domestic norm(P>0.05).The scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety and paranoia,and total score in the elderly were higher than those in domestic norm(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in score of subjective support or total score of SCL-90 between positive group and negative group(P>0.05).The differences in scores of objective support and support utilization between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gender,marital status or exercise status between the two groups(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in age,living alone,medical payment methods,years of education,monthly income and chronic diseases(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age≥70 years,living alone,years of education<9 years,monthly income<5000 yuan,chronic diseases and support utilization were independent risk factors of positive SCL-90 scores in the elderly.Conclusions There are certain psychological barriers in most elderly examinates.Age,living alone,education level,economy level,chronic diseases and support utilization are independent risk factors of mental status.