车辆刚度阻尼多级可调式油气悬架系统分析及控制研究

Analysis and control of a vehicle hydro pneumatic suspension system with multistage adjustable stiffness and damping characteristics

针对传统可控悬架系统刚度阻尼调节过程中存在的模型构建难、精度要求高且能耗偏大等问题,提出一种基于高速开关电磁阀的刚度阻尼多级可调式油气悬架系统新结构及其控制方法。该新型油气悬架通过控制4个高速开关电磁阀的开关状态实现两种刚度模式和4种阻尼模式,从而实现悬架系统刚度阻尼特性的大范围调节。结合新型油气悬架系统的振动特性机理,建立了能够准确反映其特征的数学模型。根据车辆悬架设计要求,确定了新型油气悬架系统的关键部件参数,在仿真和试验的基础上对模型精度进行了验证。最后,利用粒子群优化算法对不同行驶工况下油气悬架系统刚度和阻尼特性进行了优化匹配,并设计模式切换控制方法来获取不同行驶工况下油气悬架刚度阻尼模式的最佳切换序列。仿真结果表明,与被动油气悬架相比,新型刚度阻尼多模式切换油气悬架系统的车身振动加速度均方根值下降了33.3%,悬架动挠度均方根值降低了29.6%,车轮动载荷均方根值降低了9.36%,能够有效改善车辆隔振性能。

For the traditional adjustable mechanism of a controllable suspension system,there exists a dilemma with sophisticated model construction,high accuracy,and high energy consumption.To address this problem,a multi-stage adjustable hydro pneumatic suspension(HPS)structure with a control method based on a high-speed on-off solenoid valve.Two stiffness modes was proposed and four damping modes were realized by controlling the states of four high-speed on-off solenoid valves in the hydro pneumatic suspension,and incorporated with the vibration characteristic mechanism of the new hydro pneumatic suspension,a mathematical model which can accurately reflect its characteristics was established.The key component parameters of the new hydro pneumatic suspension were designed according to the vehicle parameters,while the static and dynamic output characteristics of the hydro pneumatic suspension were verified by simulations and tests.Furthermore,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was utilized to optimize the stiffness and damping of hydro pneumatic suspension under different profiles,and a mode switching control method was designed to obtain the optimal switching sequence of stiffness and damping under variant working conditions.Simulation results show that compared with the passive hydro pneumatic suspension,the root mean square value of the body vibration acceleration of the new stiffness damping multi-mode switching hydro pneumatic suspension system is reduced by 33.3%,the root mean square value of the suspension dynamic deflection is reduced by 29.6%,and the root mean square value of the wheel dynamic load is reduced by 9.36%,which can effectively improve the vehicle vibration isolation performance.