清代甘肃盐业研究

A Study on Gansu Salt Industry in Qing Dynasty

清代甘肃盐务并未设置专职官员,而以督抚及盐法道进行管理。清代盐业实行划界行盐、以引定课的纲运制度,甘肃作为全国主要盐产区之一,池盐、井盐等盐业资源十分丰富,其盐产品质较好、工本极低,远销本省及陕西、河东等地。而盐税作为甘肃财政收入的主要来源,其种类繁多、名目繁杂,使得盐价屡加,民之累甚巨。有清一代,为满足人民的食盐需求和保证盐税收入,甘盐主要采取官督商销的运销方式,并尝试运用严禁与弛禁两种缉私手段,不断加强对甘盐的管理力度。但由于甘肃盐区土盐盛行,民户大多自行贩运,且地域辽阔、私路歧多,因而收效甚微,私盐贩卖问题始终未能彻底解决。

In the Qing Dynasty,Gansu Salt Industry did not set up full-time officials,but managed by the governor and the position of Yanfadao. In the Qing dynasty,the salt industry carried out the system of the“Outline Haulage”. As one of the major salt producing areas in the country,Gansu province is rich in salt resources such as lake salt and well salt. Its salt products are of good quality and the cost of production is extremely low,exported to the province and Shaanxi,Hedong and other places. Although the amount of Gansu salt transfer and salt lessons were less than other salt areas,they still closely maintained the daily life and consumption of people in Gansu province and its surrounding areas,and directly related to the national economy and People’s livelihood. The salt tax,as the main source of financial revenue in Gansu province,has many kinds and various items,which makes the salt price increase frequently. In the Qing dynasty in order to satisfy the People’s demand for salt and ensure the revenue of salt tax,Gansu mainly adopts the way of sold by merchant under the supervision of government,and tries to strengthen the management of Gansu Salt Industry by means of strict prohibition and relaxation of prohibition. However,due to the prevalence of native salt in Gansu province,most of the households transport it by themselves,and as there are vast territory and many private roads,the problem of illegal salt trafficking has never been completely solved.