山东省部分规模化驴场主要病原感染情况调查

Investigation on Major Pathogens in Large-scale Donkey Farms in Shandong Province

目前关于规模化驴场主要病原的流行数据极为有限。为了解山东省驴养殖密集区的主要病原流行情况,2019—2021年,从聊城、德州、滨州等地的9个规模化驴场(繁育母驴100头以上),无菌采集表现不同临床症状病死驴(驹)的心、肝、脾、肺、肠、肾等不同脏器病料共计742份,采用PCR与病原分离方法进行常见马属动物病原检测;采集296份临床健康驴血液样品,采用虎红平板凝集试验进行布鲁氏菌感染抗体检测。结果显示:在腹泻症状样品中,大肠杆菌检出率最高,为48.89%(132/270);在肺炎症状样品中,大肠杆菌检出率为24.10%(80/332),肺炎克雷伯氏菌检出率为29.82%(99/332),马链球菌检出率为22.29%(74/332);在流产症状样品中,沙门氏菌检出率最高,为44.29%(62/140);在临床健康驴血液样品中,未检出布鲁氏菌感染抗体。结果表明,导致规模驴场发生腹泻、肺炎和流产的主要是条件性致病菌,其中导致腹泻的主要是大肠杆菌,肺炎的主要是大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和马链球菌,流产的主要是沙门氏菌。因此,规模化驴场应通过加强饲养管理,提高养殖圈舍卫生水平,科学使用抗生素等措施,控制细菌性疫病流行。

As there had been very limited data on the prevalence of major pathogens in large-scale donkey farms,in order to identify the infection status in the intensive breeding areas in Shandong Province,from 2019 to 2021,a total of 742 samples of lesions including hearts,livers,spleens,lungs,intestines,kidneys and other organs of dead donkeys(foals)with different clinical symptoms were aseptically collected from 9 farms(with above 100 female donkeys)in Liaocheng,Dezhou,Binzhou and other regions to detect common equine pathogens by PCR and pathogen isolation method;and 296 samples from clinical healthy donkeys to detect the antibody against Brucella by RBT.The results showed that,for the samples with diarrhea symptoms,the detection rate of Escherichia coli was highest,which was 48.89%(132/270);for those with pneumonia symptoms,the detection rates of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus equi were 24.10%(80/332),29.82%(99/332)and 22.29%(74/332),respectively;for those with abortion symptoms,the detection rate of Salmonella was highest,which was 44.29%(62/140);and no antibody against Brucella was detected in the blood samples of clinical healthy donkeys.In conclusion,the diarrhea,pneumonia and abortion occurred in the farms were mainly caused by conditional pathogens,specifically,diarrhea was mainly caused by Escherichia coli,while pneumonia by Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus equi,and abortion by Salmonella.Therefore,bacterial diseases should be prevented and controlled through strengthening feeding management,improving the health level of pens,using antibiotics scientifically and other measures.