日本进境动物检疫监管制度及对我国的借鉴

Overview of the Imported Animal Quarantine System Applied in Japan and Its Reference to China

日本是目前世界上最大的农产品进口国之一,不仅国内动物卫生体系完善,而且高度重视进境动物及产品检疫工作。日本建立了以《家畜传染病预防法》为主的动物防疫法律法规体系,建立并应用了进口动物及产品风险分析、检疫准入、检疫监管等制度。本文概述了日本进境动物及其产品基本情况、检疫监管相关法律法规和检疫监管体系等内容,并基于此对比了中日两国进境动物检疫制度的区别,最终借鉴日本进境动物监管制度,提出了围绕“正面清单”发布禁令和解禁令,科学设定隔离检疫期限,强化海关部门与农业农村部门合作的建议,为我国进境动物检疫监管工作提供了借鉴。

Japan is one of the world's largest importers of agricultural products,not only with perfect domestic animal health system,but also high attention to the quarantine of imported animals and products.The system of laws and regulations concerning animal disease prevention based on the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases was established in Japan,and the systems concerning risk analysis,quarantine access and quarantine supervision of imported animals and products were established and applied.In the paper,the general information of imported animals and animal products,relevant laws and regulations concerning quarantine and supervision as well as relevant systems were summarized,based on which,the differences between the quarantine system applied in China and that in Japan were compared.Then,the suggestions including publishing bans or lifting bans according to a“positive list”,scientifically setting a quarantine period,and strengthening the cooperation between the Customs and the agricultural and rural departments were proposed through learning the experience from the system in Japan,providing a reference for the quarantine and supervision of imported animals in China.