全球动物新型冠状病毒感染流行病学研究概述

A Summary of Global Epidemiological Studies on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals

依据世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)相关信息,系统梳理了全球食用动物、毛皮动物、伴侣动物、野生动物的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染情况及其流行病学研究概况。全球动物感染SARS-CoV-2时有发生,且发生率呈上升趋势;食用动物对SARS-CoV-2具有抵抗力,而毛皮动物、伴侣动物以及多种野生动物对SARS-CoV-2易感。WOAH和FAO分析认为:当前人间SARS-CoV-2国际大流行的主要驱动力是人与人之间的传播,而动物对其传播不起重要作用;SARS-CoV-2在动物种群中传播可能会促进新病毒变种的出现,使新冠疫情防控形势复杂化。WOAH不建议对动物及其产品(生貂皮除外)设置SARSCoV-2相关贸易限制措施,但同意成员基于风险分析实施相关卫生措施;FAO呼吁采取措施,降低SARSCoV-2在人与野生动物之间的传播风险,进而降低病毒变异风险;现已有国家禁止水貂养殖,限制易感动物进口。

The prevalence of novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)in food-producing animals,fur animals,companion animals and wild animals,as well as relevant epidemiological studies were systematically reviewed according to relevant information provided by World Organisation for Animal Health(WOAH)and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO).Animals were occasionally and increasingly infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the world;food-producing animals were resistant to the virus,while fur animals,companion animals and many kinds of wild animals were susceptible to it.WOAH and FAO believed that,current international pandemic was mainly driven by human-to-human transmission,but failed in animals;the emergence of new variants might be promoted by the spreading of the virus in animal populations,which might complicate the control of the outbreak.WOAH recommended not to set any relevant trade measures for animals and their products(except raw mink),but agreed that its members should implement relevant health measures based on risk analysis;FAO called for measures to reduce any risk of transmission between human and wild animals so as to reduce any risk of virus mutation;and some countries had banned any breeding of mink and restricted any import of susceptible animals.