农村妇女与人口流动的社会性别与发展再反思

Reflection on Gender and Development on Rural Women and Migration

性别与发展是一个基于第三世界视角对西方主导的女性主义理论与实践的反思,运用其理论框架对我国主流关于妇女外出流动的论述加以检视,提出妇女、文化与发展的理论视角,可以突破以往外出流动与妇女发展的二元认识论,以及以经济为主向的单一认识,从而将人口流动置入妇女及其生命历程、家庭、社区乃至更大的宏观社会中加以认识和理解。此视角对基于科学也常常是城市的、精英的专业社会工作提出了重要的警醒:需要看到每一个妇女独特的生命历程和脉络并谨慎待之。该理论无疑以其批判反身性、服务对象的差异性以及主体能动性,对社会工作专业保持其文化敏感、建设其文化能力有着一定的启发。

This article reflects on the Western dominated feminist theory and practice based on Third World gender and development theoretical framework.Adopting this reflection approach,the mainstream discourses on women and migration are reviewed and critiqued and a new approach which integrates women,development and culture is proposed to transcend the traditional binary and even economic dominated understanding in regards to women and migration and situates the issue in women’s life course,family,community and even in wider larger social context.This approach warns that the scientifically professional social work which is usually urban and elitist based in face with the service users who are most likely related to issues of women needs to situate women in their whole life course and be cautious about it.The core concepts namely critical reflexivity,diversity and agency allow social workers to be culturally sensitive and are of significance to their professional cultural competence.