广西北海滨海国家湿地公园红树林植物群落调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Mangrove Plant Communities in Guangxi Beihai Coastal National Wetland Park

红树林植物群落是红树林湿地生态系统的重要组分。红树林是广西北海滨海国家湿地公园内典型的湿地植被。为全面掌握广西北海滨海国家湿地公园内红树林植物群落类型与特征,根据遥感影像及无人机拍摄影像获取公园内红树林分布岸线及分布面积数据,并结合现场调查,判断红树林中不同植物群落类型的边界;布设6条调查断面,设置样方进行红树林植物群落调查,分析红树林植物群落分布与特征。结果表明,广西北海滨海国家湿地公园内共有19种红树植物,包括5个群系15种群丛类型;白骨壤(Avicennia marina)群系分布面积最大,具有原生性、典型性和代表性;公园兼具河口型和开阔海岸型环境,形成了相对独特的红树林群落和演替结构。该研究结果可为红树林湿地资源保护及合理利用提供参考。

Mangrove plant community is an important component of mangrove wetland ecosystem.Mangroves are typical wetland vegetation in Guangxi Beihai coastal national wetland park.In order to thoroughly grasped types and characteristics of mangrove plant communities in Guangxi Beihai coastal national wetland park,distributions of shoreline and area of mangroves in park were obtained based on images of remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicles,and borders of different plant communities were determined combining field investigation.Six sections were laid and sample plots were set to investigate mangrove plant communities,and distributions and characteristics of mangrove plant communities were analyzed.Results showed that there are 19 species of mangrove plants in Guangxi Beihai coastal national wetland park,which were divided into 5 community groups and 15 cluster types.Avicennia marina community group had the largest distribution area,which was primordial,typical and representative.There were estuarine and open coastal environments in park,so relatively unique mangrove community and succession structure were formed.The research results could provide references for protection and rational utilization of mangrove wetland resources.