四川5种樟属木材解剖特征比较

Comparison on Anatomical Characteristics of Five Cinnamomum Woods from Sichuan

为给樟科(Lauraceae)植物分类鉴定及其木材加工利用提供参考,利用生物显微镜对四川5种樟属(Cinnamomum)木材的结构进行观察与分析,包括香樟(C.camphora)、油樟(C.longepaniculatum)、阔叶樟(C.platyphyllum)、银叶桂(C.mairei)和川桂(C.wilsonii)。结果表明,5种樟属木材结构较相似,为散孔材至半散孔材;管孔为单管孔及径列复管孔,稀呈管孔团;具单穿孔和梯状穿孔两种类型,管间纹孔式互列;分割木纤维偶见;木射线非叠生,单列射线极少,多列射线量多,射线组织为异形Ⅱ和Ⅲ型;射线-导管间纹孔式主要为刻痕状及大圆状;轴向薄壁组织以环管状为主。5种木材的差异主要为管孔大小和油细胞或粘液细胞的数量。阔叶樟和川桂木材的管孔略小,其他3种木材管孔中等。香樟、油樟和阔叶樟木材的油细胞或粘液细胞多;银叶桂和川桂木材的油细胞或粘液细胞少。5种木材木纤维的长宽比约为48~56,适用于造纸;木材结构甚细到细,耐久性较高。从总体结构特征看,5种木材均表现为过渡型,即进化中保留着原始性质。

In order to provide reference for classification and identification of Lauraceae plants and wood processing and utilization,structures of five Cinnamomum woods were observed and analyzed by using biological microscope,including C.camphora,C.longepaniculatum,C.platyphyllum,C.mairei and C.wilsonii.Results showed that structures of five woods were similar,which were diffuse-porous wood to semi-diffuse-porous wood.Pores were solitary and multiple,and few of which were pore clusters.Perforation plates were simple and scalariform.Intervessel pits were alternate.Septate wood fibres were rare.Wood rays were not storied.Uniseriate rays were few and multiseriate rays were more.Types of ray were heteromorphosisⅢand heteromorphosisⅡ.Main vessel-ray pits were notch-shaped and round.Main axial parenchyma was scanty paratracheal.Differences among five woods were mainly pore size and number of oil cells or mucilage cells.Pores of C.platyphyllum and C.wilsonii woods were slightly smaller.Pores of other woods were medium.C.camphora,C.longepaniculatum and C.platyphyllum woods had many oil cells or mucilage cells.Numbers of oil cells or mucilage cells were little in C.mairei and C.wilsonii woods.Length and width ratios of wood fibres were about 48~56,which were suitable for paper-making.Wood structures were very fine to fine,and durability was high.Five woods were transition based on overall structural characteristics,that is,original properties were retained in evolution.