劳动力转移、农业规模化经营与农业生态效率--基于中介效应和门槛效应的实证研究

Labor transfer,agriculture large-scale operation and agricultural ecological efficiency-An empirical study based on mediating effect and threshold effect

基于2001-2020年长江经济带9省2市的面板数据,通过DEA-EBM模型测算农业生态效率,采用固定效应模型和中介效应模型分别实证检验劳动力转移对农业生态效率的影响,以及农业规模化经营在劳动力转移对农业生态效率影响中的中介效应,并进一步采用门槛模型实证分析农业规模化经营对农业生态效率的非线性影响。研究发现:劳动力转移对农业生态效率具有显著的正向影响;控制变量对农业生态效率的影响存在差异,其中财政支农水平、劳动力质量和农业机械化程度对农业生态效率均具有显著的正向影响,产业结构和农业受灾率对农业生态效率则具有显著的负向影响;农业规模化经营在劳动力转移对农业生态效率的影响中发挥中介作用;农业规模化经营对农业生态效率的影响存在单门槛正向促进效应,门槛值为39.7359%,这一促进效应在跨越门槛值之后有所削弱。据此提出,应进一步推进农业技术研发和创新、建立健全土地流转制度、推进农业适度规模经营等,以促进农业生态效率提升,从而推动农业绿色高质量发展。

Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2001 to 2020,the agricultural ecological efficiency is calculated by DEA-EBM model.The fixed effect model and mediating effect model are used to empirically test the impact of labor transfer on agricultural ecological efficiency and the mediating effect of agricultural large-scale operation between labor transfer and agricultural ecological efficiency.The threshold model is further used to analyze the nonlinear impact of agricultural large-scale operation on agricultural ecological efficiency.It is found that labor transfer has a significant positive impact on agricultural ecological efficiency.In addition,there are differences in the effects of control variables on agricultural ecological efficiency.Among the control variables,financial support for agriculture,labor quality and agricultural mechanization have a significant positive impact on agricultural ecological efficiency,while industrial structure and agricultural disaster rate have a significant negative impact on agricultural ecological efficiency.What′s more,agricultural large-scale operation plays a mediating role in the impact of labor transfer on agricultural ecological efficiency.Agricultural large-scale operation has a positive single threshold promotion effect on agricultural ecological efficiency,and the threshold value is 39.7359%.Such promotion effect is weakened after crossing the threshold value.According to the results,it is necessary to further advance R&D and innovation of agricultural technology,establish and improve the land transfer system and promote the appropriate scale operation of agriculture,so as to enhance the improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency and promote the green and high quality development of agriculture.