青铜器所见滇人狩猎活动考

Research on the Hunting Activities of the Dian People through Bronze Artifacts

目前学界对滇国社会生活中具有重要地位的狩猎活动尚缺乏讨论。本文通过分析滇青铜艺术中狩猎场景的细节,揭示出滇人在西汉时已具备复杂的狩猎制度。滇人在青铜器上有选择地表现了梅花鹿、虎和野猪三种猎物形象。梅花鹿形象具有明显的季节特征,利用动物学对其形态与时间关系的研究可判断滇人狩猎的时节,再结合民族学资料中所记录的狩猎野猪、虎等猛兽的时节,可发现滇人狩猎有夏猎和冬猎两季之分。滇人的狩猎方式多样,且会针对猎物的种类采用不同狩猎方式。滇人狩猎有娱乐、军事训练和获取祭祀牺牲等几种目的,根据不同目的,狩猎参与者的身份也分为贵族与祭司两类。

Researches on Dian culture have been relatively complete,however,there is still a lack of discussion on hunting activities that occupy an important position in social life.The author finds that Dian culture already had a complicated hunting system by perusing the hunting scenes in Dian bronze art.Dian people hunting is divided into two seasons:summer hunting and winter hunting,and different hunting methods are adopted according to the types of prey.The hunting purposes of the Dian people included entertainment,military training,and obtaining sacrifices.According to different hunting purposes,the identities of their participants were also divided into two categories:nobles and priests.