汉江流域水生态文明建设评价

Evaluation of water ecological civilization construction of Han River basin

根据汉江流域水生态文明特征,以行政单元为评价分区,建立汉江流域水生态文明评价指标体系,包括自然和社会2个系统,山区、平原和水域3种流域地貌单元,水安全、水生态、水环境、水节约、水监管和水文化6类人水关系子系统以及25项指标。引入基于AHP法和熵值法的融合权重,采用模糊综合评价法和灰色关联分析,评价2017年汉江流域水生态文明建设水平。结果表明汉江流域水生态文明建设具有较强的社会属性,二者关联度达0.844,因而呈中下游相对领先、上游略有滞后的空间格局,其中水安全、水环境和水节约是影响水生态文明建设的要因。评价结果可为汉江生态经济带建设发展规划提供参考与依据。

Under climate warming and anthropogenic activities,the hydrological cycle and river flow regime have been significantly altered,challenging the traditional strategies of water resources management.Recently,water ecological environment protection on basin-scale has been paid great attention in China.Most of administrative regions are the key water ecological civilization construction regions,thus,it is urgent to evaluate the water ecological civilization construction at a river basin scale.Han River basin is the first pilot of the most stringent water resource management basin,and water source area of the Middle Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China.The basin governed by 14 administrative regions(or cities)is selected as evaluation units,and a multi-system,multi-landform and multi-scale indicator characterization method based on the characteristics of the water ecological civilization of the basin is developed.The evaluation indexes for water ecological civilization basin is based on the evaluation guide of water ecological civilization construction.The selection guideline is based on upper,middle and lower reaches of the basin and single landform to multiple landforms,that can not only reflect the characteristics of regional features but also grasp the overall situation.After comprehensive consideration,the evaluation index system of water ecological civilization construction was established at an administrative region scale.This system is characterized by natural and social sub-systems,three basin geomorphologic units(mountains,plains,and water area),and six human-water interaction units(water security,water ecology,water environment,water saving,water supervision,and water culture)and 25 indicators.To avoid the one-sidedness of the single weighting method,the merging weights were estimated by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and entropy method.The main steps are as follows:calculate the subjective weights of indexes based on the AHP;calculate the objective weights of indexes based on the entropy method;calculate the merging weights of the indexes.The subjective weight of indexes based on the AHP was determined by the personal experience of experts,and the objective weight indexes by entropy method were determined by evaluating the relative importance with consideration of experts′experiences,and the merging weights were the combination of the above two weights.The synthesized method was proposed according to the advantage and disadvantages of subjective and objective ways of giving weight.The degree of water ecological civilization construction in 2017 was evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and gray relational analysis methods.The research data were mainly collected from official government documents such as the water resources bulletin,environmental quality bulletin,statistical bulletin of national economic and social development,land and resources bulletin,statistical yearbook,and departmental reports of the three provinces(Shanxi,Henan,Hubei)and the administrative regions.Jenks natural fault classification method was adopted to divide the indexes into five levels that are excellent,good,medium,poor and worse to compare the degree of water ecological civilization construction in each unit.The results show that the water ecological civilization construction in Han River basin highly depends on social properties with a correlation coefficient of 0.844,thus exhibiting a spatial pattern that their developments in the middle and lower reaches are far superior to those in the upper reaches.Among the social elements,water security,water environment and water-saving are the key factors affecting water ecological civilization construction.These results are expected to provide rich information as references for the construction and planning of Han River ecological economic belt.