不同奶粉喂养对早产儿喂养耐受性与生长发育的影响

Powder feeding on feeding tolerance, growth and development of premature infants

目的 比较早产儿液体配方奶、早产儿普通粉奶、深度水解蛋白配方奶3种不同奶粉喂养对早产儿的生长发育、喂养不耐受及新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)发生率的影响,为早产儿肠内营养选择提供依据。方法 选取2018年1月~2019年12月潍坊市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的240例早产儿作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为3组:早产儿液体配方奶组(A组);早产儿普通粉奶组(B组);深度水解蛋白配方奶组(C组),各80例。观察并比较3组早产儿恢复至出生体重的时间、喂养不耐受及NEC的发生率。结果 3组早产儿恢复至出生体重时间比较,A组恢复至出生体重时间最短,与B组、C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组、C组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患儿出现喂养不耐受比较:A组早产儿与B、C两组比较,更容易出现喂养不耐受,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C两组之间早产儿发生喂养不耐受基本一致,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组早产儿NEC发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早产儿液体粉奶在恢复出生体重时间上优于早产儿普通配方奶、深度水解蛋白配方奶,但易出现喂养不耐受;而早产儿NEC的发生与奶粉种类无关。

Objective To compare the effects of three different milk powders: liquid formula milk for preterm infants, ordinary powder milk for preterm infants, and deep hydrolyzed protein formula milk on the growth and development of preterm infants, feeding intolerance, and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Provide a basis for the choice of enteral nutrition for children.Methods From January 2018 to December 2019,240 premature infants admitted to the Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as subjects, and they were divided into three groups according to the random number table method.Group A was the liquid formula milk group for preterm infants(n=80);Group B was the ordinary powder milk group for preterm infants(n=80);Group C was the deep hydrolyzed protein formula milk group(n=80).Observe and compare the time they return to birth weight and the incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC in the three groups.Results Comparing the time to return to birth weight in the three groups of preterm infants, that in group A was the shortest, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the difference between group B and C was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared feeding intolerance in the three groups of children, premature infants in group A were more prone to feeding intolerance compared with groups B and C,and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).And there was no difference between groups B and C,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of NEC among the three groups of premature infants.Conclusion Liquid powdered milk for preterm infants is better than regular formula milk and deep hydrolyzed protein formula milk for preterm infants in terms of time to restore birth weight, but it is prone to feeding intolerance, and the occurrence of NEC in preterm infants has nothing to do with the type of milk powder.