从特殊中发现一般——反思中国经验的阐述问题

Finding General from Particular— Reflections on Expounding Chinese Experience

对于中国经验的阐述问题,思维特性对传播效果具有重要影响。要从中国案例中揭示新的一般性原理,并经受其他经验的挑战和检验,需要我们对人类可共享的知识有深入理解,并相信存在认识事物的一般思维逻辑。而具有从特殊经验中揭示一般性的问题意识,在比较参照中将中国案例与已有的系统性知识相关联,抱有追问因果的纯粹目标,援引关于事物本体的认识范畴寻因作证,区分事实判断与道德判断,并运用形式逻辑从具体现象中抽象简洁原理,这些思维特征限定着我们从特殊经验中发现一般知识的能力。

Of expounding Chinese experience,the characteristic property of thought has key influence on the effect of communication.In order to reveal new and general principles from Chinese cases,and to go through the challenges and examination from other experiences,it is necessary to have a deep understanding the knowledge which could be shared by human beings,and to believe that there are generalities of the logic of thought in cognition of things.The characteristic property of thought restricted our ability to find general knowledge from particular experience,i.e.,the question consciousness to reveal generalities from particular experience,the connection of Chinese cases to existed systematic knowledge in comparison,the pure target to pursuit causality,causal rectification by citing cognition category of the ontology of things,distinction between judgement of facts and judgement of ethics,and abstraction of simple principle from concrete phenomena by applying formal logic.