鲁迅杂文人物形象谱系研究小史—“秋白之问”的持续求解

A Brief History of Studies on Image Pedigree of Figures in Lu Xun’s Essays:A Continuous Answering to “Qu Qiubai’s Question”

瞿秋白《〈鲁迅杂感选集〉序言》高度肯定并深入阐明了鲁迅杂文的思想内容,不愧为鲁迅杂文研究的奠基之作。论到鲁迅杂文“艺术的形式”,秋白认为杂文所批评的人物乃至所描写的动物均可视为“社会上的某种典型”和“普通名词”,但他又认为杂文未能从容熔铸“具体的形象和典型”,因此还“不能够代替创作”。这种包含矛盾的阐述不啻为杂文研究提出了根本性的“秋白之问”。“鲁研界”迄今为止的研究历史表明,必须对鲁迅杂文所“描写”的“人物形象”进行全面而具体的梳理,揭示那些看似零散杂乱的“人物形象”的内在谱系,这样才能在理论上真正肯定鲁迅杂文“所写的常是一鼻,一嘴,一毛,但合起来,已几乎是或一形象的全体”,也才能真正有力地解答九十年来始终悬而未决的“秋白之问”。

Qu Qiubai’s “Preface to Selections of Lu Xun’s Essays” highly approve and deeply expound Lu Xun’s thought in his essays,and it is undoubted to be the foundation of the studies on Lu Xun’s essays.As for the “ art form” of Lu Xun’ s essays,Qu believes that all the figures criticized and even the animals depicted in Lu’s essays could be seen as “given type in society” and “general nouns”,while Qu considers that Lu’s essays are not enough to sufficiently cast “concrete images and types”,and,therefore,are “not enough to substitute for creative writing”.Such a contradicted expounding is in fact proposing a fundamental “Qu Qiubai’s question” for the studies of essays.The hitherto history of studies on Lu Xun has demonstrated that it is necessary to comprehensively and concretely put in order the “figure images” which are “depicted”in Lu Xun’s essays,and to reveal an image pedigree of the seemingly-scattered “figure images”,so as to confirm theoretically what Lu Xun in his essays “depicted often a nose,a mouth,and hair,but in whole almost a complete image”,and in this way to convincingly answer the unsolved “Qu Qiubai’s question” in the past 90 years.