中国壮侗语族族群体部特征分析

Body characteristics of the Zhuang-Dong ethnic groups in China

目的探讨壮侗语族族群体部特征。方法采用人体测量法,对贵州、广西、云南、海南、湖南等地区的壮侗语族14个族群进行体部测量。结果壮侗语族族群男性足宽、上臂长、前臂长3项指标与年龄不相关,骨盆宽与年龄成正相关(P<0.01),体重、身高、耳屏点高等24项指标与年龄成负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。壮侗语族族群女性足宽、手长、躯干前高、上肢全长、下肢全长、上臂长共6项指标与年龄不相关,手宽、骨盆宽、全臂长、前臂长等4项指标与年龄成正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),体重、身高、耳屏点高等18项指标与年龄成负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。绝大多数体部指标值年龄组间差异具有统计学意义。壮侗语族族群各项体部指标均值均男性大于女性(P<0.05或P<0.01),即男性体部的各个高度、长度、宽度大于女性。主成分分析结果显示,临高人、黎族男性及女性的身高、坐高、躯干前高、体重均大于壮侗语族其他12个民族;仫佬族和八甲人体部特征接近。壮侗语族14个族群、布朗族、革家人体部指标均值小于北方汉族、蒙古族巴尔虎部、蒙古族鄂尔多斯部、青海和硕特部、乌孜别克族、南方汉族、摩梭人、羌族、彝族。结论壮侗语族族群男性、女性体重值不大,男性身高属于矮身材、女性身高属于亚中等身材,壮侗语族族群具有中国南方少数民族的体质特征,属于身矮体轻的体质类型。

Objective To investigate the body characteristics of zhuang-dong ethnic group.Methods Totally 14 Zhuang-Dong languages in Guizhou,Guangxi,Yunnan,Hainan and Hunan were measured with anthropometry.Results The foot breadth,upper arm length and forearm length of male of Zhuang-Dong ethnic group were not correlated with age,while crista iliaca breadth was positively correlated with age(P<0.01),24 indexes including weight,stature and tragion height are negatively correlated with age(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Six indicators of Zhuang-Dong female’s foot breadth,hand length,height of suprasternal notch above sitting plane,upper extremity length,lower extremity length and upper arm length were not related with age,while four indicators of hand breadth at metacarpale,crista iliaca breadth,total arm length and forearm length were positively correlated with age(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while 18 indicators of weight,stature and tragion height were negatively correlated with age(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The vast majority of body index values had statistical significance among age groups.The average value of all body indexes of Zhuang-Dong ethnic groups was larger than that in female(P<0.05 or P<0.01),that was,the height,length and width of male body were larger than that of female.Principal component analysis showed that,the stature,sitting height,height of suprasternal notch above sitting plane and weight of Lingao people,Li nationality men and women were larger than those of other 12 Zhuang-Dong language group.Mulao and Bajia had similar human body characteristics.In addition,the mean values of human body indexes of the 14 Zhuang-Dong language group,Bulang ethnic group and Gejia ethnic group were lower than those of the northern Han nationality,the Mongolian Balhu ethnic group,the Mongolian Erdos ethnic group,the Heshuo ethnic group in Qinghai,the Uzbek ethnic group,the southern Han nationality,the Mosuo ethnic group,the Qiang ethnic group and the Yi ethnic group.Conclusion Men and women in Zhuang-Dong ethnic group have little weight,while men’s height belongs to short stature and female’s height belongs to sub-medium stature.Zhuang-Dong ethnic group has the physical characteristics of ethnic minorities in southern China,and belongs to the physical type of short stature and light weight.