族群边界的消融与族群共同体意识的形成过程——以四川省凉山彝族自治州甘洛县为例

The Dissolution of Ethnic Boundaries and the Formation of Ethnic Community Consciousness——Take the Liang Shan Yi Automomous Prefecture of Ganluo County of Sichuan As the Example

人类学解释族群边界的理论之一叫“茶叶袋理论”,认为族群及其成员就像茶叶袋里面的茶叶,而族群的文化就像茶叶袋泡入水中之后流出茶叶袋的茶水。茶叶袋是族群的边界,族群文化可以穿过族群边界相互渗透和消融。四川甘洛县彝族亚族群边界,从文化上看,可以从方言土语、服饰、节日等文化元素加以界定。由于亚族群的交融交往、文化的交流以及国家政策的介入,使甘洛县亚族群边界越来越模糊,也即三个土语群的文化逐渐同质化,族群共同体意识逐渐形成。本文通过文化变迁和族群边界消融,为中华民族共同体意识的形成过程提供个案支持。

One of the anthropological theories to explain the boundaries of ethnic groups is called the “tea bag theory”, which holds that ethnic groups and their members are like tea leaves in tea bags, and the culture of an ethnic group is like the tea that flows out of the tea bags after tea bags are put in water. Tea bags are the boundary of ethnic groups, and ethnic culture can penetrate and dissolve each other across ethnic boundaries. From a cultural perspective, the boundary of the Yi sub-ethnic group in Ganluo County, Sichuan can be defined by cultural elements such as dialects, costumes, and festivals. Due to the integration of sub-ethnic groups, cultural exchanges,and the intervention of national policies, the boundaries of the sub-ethnic groups in Ganluo County are becoming more and more blurred,that is, the cultures of the three native language groups are gradually homogenized, and the consciousness of ethnic community is gradually formed. Through cultural changes and the dissolution of ethnic boundaries, this article provides case support for the formation of the Chinese nation’s community consciousness.