新中国初期中共对民族干部的培养与土司制度的根除——以西南为中心的考察

On Training National Cadre and Uprooting Tusi System of the CCP in Early Days of New China——Investigation Centered on Southwest

新中国初期,西南民族地区暂时保留了“土流并存”格局。同时以新政权建设为依托,中共从两方面培养了民族干部。一是分时期采取不同方式对土官进行政治安排,在初步稳定他们以后,启动对他们的教育改造。因此,土官成为改造式培养的民族干部;二是采取特殊措施,在西南塑造式培养了一个新型民族干部群体。最终,民族干部化的土官自我“背叛”了土司制度,发展壮大的新型民族干部替代了传统土官,土司制度得以根除。此举,既实现了民族干部的培养与土司制度根除的完美结合,又在实践中发展了马克思主义民族理论。

In the early days of new China, Tusi and local official co-existed in the southwest. Relied on the establishment of new power,CCP trained national cadres from two aspects. On the one hand, Tusi were politically redeemed through different ways by stages. They were settled down at the first stage and reformed through education and became the reformed national cadres. On the other hand, special measures were taken to train a group of new and shaped national cadres. Finally, trained national cadres from Tusi betrayed the Tusi system. The grown and developed group of national cadres replaced the local Tusi, and the Tusi system was uprooted.The training of national cadres and uprooting the Tusi system was perfectly combined, and also developed the national theory of Marxism.