农业生产托管模式效率差异及其影响因素研究——以黑龙江省为例

Efficiency differences and influencing factors of agricultural production outsourcing modes:A case study of Heilongjiang Province

农业生产托管是实现小农户与现代农业有机衔接的重要途径,但不同托管模式可能存在效率差异,探究不同托管模式的效率差异对农业现代化发展具有重要的现实意义。本文基于产权理论,以黑龙江省为例,利用农业生产托管组织的调查数据,运用超越对数随机前沿生产函数,分析不同农业生产托管模式的技术效率差异并探讨其影响因素。结果表明,农业生产托管分为村集体主导型和新型农业经营主体主导型两种模式,村集体主导模式与新型农业经营主体主导模式之间存在技术效率差异,村集体主导模式的平均技术效率比新型农业经营主体主导模式高7.79个百分点。农业生产托管规模、托管土地细碎化程度、托管组织自给劳动力人数、设置农业经纪人能显著影响农业生产托管的技术效率。村集体主导模式与新型农业经营主体主导模式效率差异原因在于村集体主导模式土地细碎化程度较低,且由于产权原因自给劳动力人数普遍较多,而新型农业经营主体主导模式没有充分发挥托管规模与农业经纪人优势。因此,提出积极鼓励发展村集体主导模式、进一步支持新型农业经营主体扩大托管规模、培育农业经纪人队伍等建议。

Agricultural production outsourcing is an important way to realize the organic connection between small farms and modern agriculture,but there may be differences in efficiency between different outsourcing modes.It is of great practical significance to explore the efficiency differences of different outsourcing modes for the development of agricultural modernization.Based on the theory of property rights and a survey data from agricultural production outsourcing organizations in Heilongjiang Province,this paper analyzed the technical efficiency differences of different agricultural production outsourcing modes by the stochastic frontier production function and explored its influencing factors.Results show that,agricultural production outsourcing can be divided into village collectiveled mode and new-type agricultural business entity-led mode.There is an obvious difference in technical efficiency between these two modes.The average technical efficiency of the village collective-led mode is higher than that of the new-type agricultural management entity-led mode.The scale of agricultural production outsourcing,the degree of fragmentation of outsourcing land,the number of self-sufficiency labor force in outsourcing organizations,and hiring agricultural brokers can significantly affect the technical efficiency of agricultural production outsourcing.The reason for the difference in efficiency between the two modes is that the village collective-led mode has a low degree of land fragmentation,and the number of self-sufficiency laborers is generally larger due to property rights.While the new business entity-led mode does not give a full play to the advantages of outsourcing scale and agricultural brokers.Therefore,this research propose some suggestions as follows:actively encouraging the development of the village collective-led mode,further supporting new agricultural business entities to expand the scale of outsourcing,and cultivating the team of agricultural brokers.