2019—2020年西宁市医务人员流感疫苗接种现状及影响因素分析

Investigation on the influencing factors of influenza vaccination status among medical staff in Xining City 2019 to 2020

目的 了解西宁市2019—2020年冬春季医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿、接种情况、推荐意愿及其影响因素,为探索和制定促进医务人员流感疫苗接种措施,提高疫苗接种率提供依据。方法 随机抽取西宁市7家医疗机构,2020-07采用自行设计的问卷,参与调查人员在知情同意的情况下完成线上调查,并与负责人进行专题访谈。调查研究西宁市2019—2020年冬春季医务人员流感疫苗接种情况、推荐意愿,以及医疗机构免费接种政策和接种服务等内容,分析影响疫苗接种率的因素,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行χ^(2)检验及Logistic回归分析。结果 共回收有效问卷6 654份,2019—2020年西宁市三级医院医务人员流感疫苗接种率为15.58%(1 037/6 654),推荐率为59.86%(3 983/6 654)。接种了流感疫苗的医护人员认为可以提高接种率的措施是有免费接种政策(75.89%)和提供接种服务(73.86%),与未接中组相比,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.29,P<0.001,χ^(2)=15.19,P<0.001)。所在医院要求接种者接种率为30.52%,明显高于不要求但鼓励接种16.93%和既不要求也不鼓励6.57%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=469.81,P<0.001);影响医务人员接种疫苗的主要因素是所在单位有免费接种政策和提高接种服务OR(95%CI)值分别为1.57(1.32~1.87)、1.17(1.40~1.98)。结论 医疗机构是否能为医务人员提供免费疫苗接种政策和接种服务,是影响医务人员接种率的关键。

Objective To understand the influenza vaccination willingness,vaccination situation,recommendation willingness and influencing factors of medical personnel in Xining from the winter and spring of 2019 to 2020.Methods Seven medical institutions in Xining city were randomly selected.In July 2020,a self-designed questionnaire was used to help the investigators complete the online survey with informed consent and conducted special interviews with the person in charge.It’s investigated and studied the influenza vaccination and recommendation willingness of medical personnel in Xining in winter 2019 to 2020,free vaccination policies and vaccination services in medical institutions,and it’s to make an analysis of the factors that have effect on the vaccination rate,andχ^(2) test and logistic regression analysis were conducted by using SPSS21.0 software.Results A total of 6 654 valid questionnaires were recovered,and the influenza vaccination rate for medical staff in Xining from 2019 to 2020 was 15.58%(1 037/6 654),with a recommended rate of59.86%(3 983/6 654).The medical staff vaccinated with influenza vaccine believed that the measures to improve the vaccination rate were free vaccination policy (75.89%) and provide vaccination service (73.86%),and the difference was statistically significant compared with the nonvaccinated group(χ^(2)=40.29,P<0.001,χ^(2)=15.19,P<0.001).The vaccination rate of those who required vaccination in the hospital was 30.52%,which was significantly higher than that of those who did not require but encouraged vaccination (16.93%) and those who neither required nor encouraged vaccination (6.57%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=469.81,P<0.001).The main factors that had effect on the vaccination of medical staff were the free vaccination policy and the improved vaccination service OR (95%CI) value of 1.57 (1.32-1.87)and 1.17 (1.40-1.98).Conclusions Whether medical institutions can provide free vaccination policies and vaccination services for medical staff is the key to have an effect on the vaccination rate of medical staff.