新型冠状病毒疫苗认知的潜在类别分析及其对疫苗接种意愿的影响

Analysis of potential categories of COVID-19 vaccine awareness and its impact on vaccination willingness

目的探索新型冠状病毒疫苗(以下简称“新冠疫苗”)认知的潜在类别及其对疫苗接种意愿的影响,评估影响新冠疫苗接种的障碍,为疫苗接种精准宣传提供依据。方法2021-03采用分层抽样方法选取四川省自贡市16~60岁汉族常住居民作为研究对象,通过《新冠肺炎认知及疫苗接种意愿评估问卷》,收集新冠疫苗认知各维度及接种意愿数据,采用潜在类别分析方法对疫苗认知进行聚类降维,使用χ^(2)检验进行人口学特征及降维后各认知类别与接种意愿的单因素分析,使用二分类Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,分析影响接种意愿的主要因素。结果根据医生对调查对象身体评估结果,排除不适宜接种的人群,共收集1 703名调查对象数据,分析发现调查对象普遍有较高的疫苗接种意愿和疫苗认知。进一步根据调查对象疫苗认知情况,通过潜在类别分析模型拟合度最优原则,最终保留4个潜在类别分析模型,每个模型依据认知各纬度条件概率分布(是,中立、否)最大原则进行综合命名,分别为:疫苗认知完好组1 400人(82.21%),危险认知中立组159人(9.34%),家庭、社交益处缺乏组77人(4.52%)和疫苗认知中立组67人(3.93%)。多因素回归分析显示,医护人员相较于农民具有新冠疫苗接种意愿的可能性更高(OR=2.077,95%CI:1.207~3.663);与疫苗认知完好组相比,疫苗认知中立组(OR=0.066,95%CI:0.037~0.113)、危险认知中立组(OR=0.196,95%CI:0.134~0.286)和家庭、社交益处缺乏组(OR=0.172,95%CI:0.105~0.284)具有新冠疫苗接种意愿的可能性更低。结论自贡市居民对新冠疫苗的认知各维度存在聚集性,疫苗认知的潜在类别是疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。

Objective To explore the potential categories of novel coronavirus vaccine (here in after referred to as“COVID-19 vaccine”) and its impact on vaccination willingness,to evaluate the obstacles that affect COVID-19 vaccination,and to provide a basis for accurate vaccination promotion.Methods In March 2021,a stratified sampling method was used to select permanen residents of Han nationality between 16 to 60 years old in Zigong City of Sichuan Province as the research objects.The COVID-19 Awareness and Vaccination Willingness Assessment Questionnaire”was used to collect the cognitive dimensions of COVID-19 vaccine and the willingness to inoculate data,latent category analysis method was used to cluster dimensionality reduction of vaccine cognition,χ^(2) test was used to perform single factor analysis of demographic characteristics and dimensionality reduction of each cognitive category and vaccination willingness,binary logistic regression model was used to perform multi-factor analysis,the main factors were analyzed that affect the willingness to inoculate.Results According to the results of doctors’physical assessment of the survey subjects,people who were not suitable for vaccination were excluded.Data of 1 703survey subjects were collected.The analysis found that survey subjects generally had higher vaccination willingness and knowledge about vaccines.Further based on the subject’s knowledge of vaccines,through the latent category analysis model’s best degree of fit principle,4 latent category analysis models were finally retained,and each model was based on the maximum principle of cognition of conditional probability distribution (yes,neutral,no) at each latitude comprehensive naming,respectively:vaccine awareness group (1 400 people,82.21%),risk awareness neutral group (159 people,9.34%),family and social benefit lack group (77 people,4.52%) and vaccine awareness group neutral group (67 people,3.93%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with farmers,medical staffs were more likely to have the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR=2.077,95%CI:1.207-3.663);Compared with the vaccine cognition group,the vaccine cognition neutral group (OR=0.066,95%CI:0.037-0.113),risk perception neutral group (OR=0.196,95%CI:0.134-0.286) and family and social benefit lack group (OR=0.172,95%CI:0.105-0.284) their possibility of having a willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 were even lower.Conclusions The residents of Zigong City have clusters of cognition of COVID-19 vaccine in various dimensions,and the potential category of vaccine cognition is the influencing factor of vaccination willingness.