近10年海南省雷电灾情及其对闪电定位性能的评估

Lightning disaster in Hainan in recent 10 years and its evaluation on lightning location performance

利用2012—2020年全国雷电灾害汇编资料和2021年海南省雷灾调查数据,分析评估了近10a海南省雷灾特征及其变化以及采取距离最近法分析海南省ADTD闪电定位系统性能。结果表明:(1)与1999—2011年相比,近10a雷灾时空分布特征均发生了变化。其中,海南省雷灾最多发生在春季的5月和午后15—16时,主要位于北部的海口、澄迈和东部的琼海、西部的东方等地区;雷击人员伤亡事故主要发生在田野和水边或水中,雷击损坏最频繁是电子电气设备;(2)闪电定位系统对地闪回击的探测效率为83.3%,回击定位距离误差平均1602m;80%导致雷灾的回击为负极性,雷灾正、负极性回击电流强度平均109.4kA和47.5kA,陡度平均16.6kA·(μs)^(-1)和11.2kA·(μs)^(-1)。

Using the compilation data of lightning disasters in China from 2012 to 2020 and the survey data of lightning disasters in Hainan in 2021, and using the nearest distance method,the characteristics and changes of lightning disasters in Hainan in recent 10 years and the performance of Hainan ADTD lightning location system were analyzed and evaluated. The results show that(1) compared with 1999-2011, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of lightning disasters have changed in the past 10 years. Among them, the most frequent thunderstorms in Hainan occur in May in spring and 15-16 p.m., mainly in Haikou and Chengmai in the north, Qionghai in the East and Dongfang in the West. Lightning stroke casualties mainly occur in fields, water edges or in water. The most frequent lightning stroke damage is electronic and electrical equipment.(2)The detection efficiency of lightning location system for ground lightning return stroke is 83.3%, and the average return stroke location distance error is 1602m.(3) 80% of the return strokes leading to lightning disasters are negative. The average return current intensity of positive and negative lightning disasters is 109.4kA and 47.5kA, and the average steepness is 16.6 kA·(μs)^(-1)和11.2kA·(μs)^(-1).