基于社会交换理论的高校教师学术创业影响因素与对策研究

Research on Determinants and Strategies of University Teachers’Academic Entrepreneurship Based on Social Exchange Theory

学术创业是高校教师参与当前国家创新创业发展的主要方式。文章使用2018年“知识社会中的学术职业国际调查”(2018APIKS)中国大陆数据,基于社会交换理论视角,实证探究教师个体参与学术创业活动这一社会交换活动的主要形式与影响因素。研究结果发现,我国高校教师参与学术创业的状况较为普遍,教师学术创业在实践中的类型趋于多样化。相较硬活动而言,高校教师参与学术创业软活动更为积极。回归分析结果表明,教师个人特征和院校创业氛围因素共同影响了高校教师的学术创业决策,学科特征对不同类型创业活动的影响作用具有异质性。为理解高校教师学术创业的行为特征与发生机制,为高校制定及完善学术创业激励与管理对策,提供了实证参考。

Academic entrepreneurship is the primary means for university teachers to participate in the current national innovation and entrepreneurship development.This article empirically explores the main forms and influencing factors of individual teacher’s participation in academic entrepreneurship activities,that is,social exchange activities by using the 2018 APIKS China mainland data from the perspective of social exchange theory.The results indicate that it is relatively common for university teachers to participate in academic entrepreneurship,and the types of academic entrepreneurship in practice tend to be diversified.Compared with hard activities,Chinese academics are more likely to engage in soft entrepreneurial activities.The regression analysis results show that the personal characteristics of teachers and the factors of college entrepreneurial atmosphere affect the academic entrepreneurial decision-making of college teachers,and the influence of subject characteristics on different types of entrepreneurial activities is heterogeneous.This study has provided empirical references for understanding the behavior characteristics and operation mechanism of university teachers’academic entrepreneurship,and for formulatingand refining policies to promote academic entrepreneurial incentives and management strategies.