花生壳纤维素纳米纤丝的制备及其在棉织物上的应用

Preparation and application on the cotton fabric of nanofiber of peanut shell nona cellulose

以生物质材料花生壳粉为原料,采用化学结合机械处理工艺对花生壳进行加工来制备花生壳纳米纤维素。首先采用化学处理工艺将花生壳中的半纤维素和木质素全部去除,制备花生壳纯化纤维素。然后采用2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基(TEMPO)-NaClO-NaBr对纯化纤维素进行氧催化反应,用超声波对反应物进行解纤处理得到花生壳纤维素纳米纤丝,然后采用所得纳米纤丝构造粗糙结构,并与低表面能物质聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合到棉织物上,构造超疏水表面。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段对纤维素纳米纤丝和复合棉织物进行表征。结果表明:化学和机械处理对纤维素的基团特征没有太大影响,这表明化学结合机械法能够成功制得花生壳纤维素纳米纤丝,且其能成功在棉织物表面构造粗糙结构,与PDMS复合所得棉织物的表面水接触角最高可达152°。

The biomass material⁃peanut shell powder is used as raw material,and the peanut shell is processed by a chemical combination mechanical treatment process to prepare peanut shell nano cellulose.Firstly,chemical treatment process is used to remove all the hemicellulose and lignin in the peanut shells to prepare purified cellulose from the peanut shells.Then 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidiny⁃loxy radical(TEMPO)-NaClO-NaBr is used to perform oxygen catalytic reaction on the purified cellulose,and the reactant is defibrated by ultrasonic to obtain peanut shell cellulose nanofibers.Then,the prepared nanofibrils and the low surface energy substance are compositely applied to the cotton fabric to construct a super⁃hydrophobic surface.Comprehensive use of scanning electron microscope(SEM),infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and other means are taken to characterize cellulose nanofibrils and composite cotton fabrics.The results show that the cellulose is treated by chemical and mechanical treatments.The characteristics of the group have not changed much,which indicates that the chemical binding mechanical method could successfully prepare peanut shell cellulose nanofibrils,and the peanut shell cellulose nanofibrils could successfully construct rough structures on the surface of cotton fabrics,and finally compound them with PDMS.The water contact angle on the surface of cotton fabric could reach up to about 152°.