玉米/生姜套作模式下玉米株型与行宽对生姜光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of maize plant type and row width on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of ginger under maize/ginger intercropping mode

采用玉米/生姜套作模式,以‘竹根姜’为研究对象,设置2种玉米株型(平展型玉米‘正红311’和紧凑型玉米‘正红2号’)、3种行宽(2、3、4 m)和2个生姜净作对照(净作遮光,CK1;净作未遮光,CK2),共计8个处理,研究玉米株型与行宽对玉米/生姜套作模式下生姜光环境、叶绿素含量、光合性能、生长特性及产量的影响。结果表明,遮光可以提高生姜叶绿素含量,降低叶绿素a/b比值,改善叶片光合性能,从而改善其株高、茎粗及分枝数,最终获得高产。玉米/生姜套作模式下生姜株高、茎粗、分枝数、产量,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量,总叶绿素/类胡萝卜素比值、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均高于未遮光处理,而生姜冠层与底层透光率、叶绿素a/b比值及胞间CO_(2)浓度均低于未遮光处理。综上所述,玉米/生姜套作对生姜的遮光效果存在显著的玉米株型和行宽差异,其中,平展型玉米‘正红311’在2 m行宽处理下对生姜的遮光效果最好。

This study attempted to explore the effects of maize plant type and row width on the light environment,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic performance,growth characteristics and yield of ginger under the maize/ginger intercropping mode.A total of eight treatments were set,including two plant types of maize cultivars[expanded cultivar‘Zhenghong 311’(ZH 311),and compact cultivar‘Zhenghong 2’(ZH 2)],three row widths(2,3,and 4 m),and two controls(sole cropping of ginger under shading,CK_(1);sole cropping of ginger without shading,CK_(2)).The results indicated that shading could increase the chlorophyll content of leaves,maintain a low chlorophyll(Chl)a/b ratio,improve the photosynthetic performance of ginger leaves,so as to promote the growth of plant height,stem diameter and branching number,and obtain a high yield.The plant height,stem diameter,branching number,yield,contents of Chl a,Chl b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid,total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of ginger under the maize/ginger intercropping mode were higher than those of CK_(2),while the light transmittance of ginger canopy and bottom,Chl a/b ratio,and intercellular CO_(2) concentration were lower than those of CK2.In summary,the shading effects of maize/ginger intercropping on ginger are significantly different in maize plant type and row width.The expanded maize cultivar with 2 m row width has the best shading effect on ginger.