复合有机微量元素减量添加对肉鸭生长性能、肉品质、血清抗氧化能力和微量元素排泄的影响

Effects of Reduction Adding of Compound Organic Trace Mineral on Growth Performance,Meat Quality,Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Trace Element Excretion of Meat Ducks

本试验旨在研究复合有机微量元素(铁、铜、锰、锌和硒)减量取代无机元素对肉鸭生长性能、肉品质、血清抗氧化能力及微量元素排泄的影响。将450只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。无机对照组(ITM组)在基础饲粮中添加NRC(1994,下同)推荐量无机元素(铁、铜、锰、锌和硒添加量分别为40.0、10.0、50.0、60.0、0.2 mg/kg);空白对照组(NC组)在基础饲粮中不额外添加微量元素;1/2NRC无机组(1/2ITM组)和1/2NRC有机组(1/2OTM组)分别在基础饲粮中添加50%NRC推荐量无机微量元素和复合有机微量元素;1/2ITM+1/2OTM组在基础饲粮中添加50%NRC推荐量无机微量元素和50%NRC推荐量复合有机微量元素。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与ITM组相比,NC组和1/2ITM组1~21日龄和1~42日龄肉鸭体重(BW)和平均日增重(ADG)显著降低(P<0.05),而1/2OTM组和1/2ITM+1/2OTM组肉鸭各阶段BW、ADG和饲料转化率(FCR)较ITM组无显著差异(P>0.05);1/2OTM组肉鸭各阶段BW和ADG均显著高于1/2ITM组(P<0.05)。2)除NC组肉鸭胸肌的滴水损失较ITM组显著增加(P<0.05)外,其他各组胸肌的pH、肉色(亮度、红度和黄度值)、滴水损失和蒸煮损失与ITM组无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与ITM组相比,NC组和1/2ITM组肉鸭21日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及42日龄血清T-AOC和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著降低(P<0.05),且血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);而1/2OTM组和1/2ITM+1/2OTM组21和42日龄肉鸭血清抗氧化指标(除GSH-Px活性外)与ITM组无显著差异(P>0.05)。与1/2ITM组相比,1/2OTM组21日龄时肉鸭血清T-AOC、CAT活性以及42日龄血清T-SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),同时血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与ITM组相比,NC组、1/2ITM组、1/2OTM组和1/2ITM+1/2OTM组肉鸭粪便铁、铜和锌排泄量均显著降低(P<0.05),尤其是1/2OTM组粪便铁、铜、锰、锌和硒排泄量较NC组分别显著降低了19.68%、38.40%、17.58%、41.30%和37.83%(P<0.05);与1/2ITM组比,1/2OTM组粪便各微量元素排泄量均出现不同程度降低,并且1/2OTM组肉鸭粪便中铜和硒排泄量分别显著降低10.96%和16.36%(P<0.05),各组微量元素铁、铜、锰、锌和硒排泄量从小到大依次为NC组<1/2OTM组<1/2ITM组<1/2ITM组+1/2 OTM组<ITM组。本试验条件下,建议在肉鸭玉米-豆粕饲粮中添加50%NRC推荐剂量的复合有机微量元素来减量取代无机微量元素,既可保持肉鸭正常的生长性能、肉品质和血清抗氧化能力,且能显著降低粪便中铁、铜、锰、锌和硒排泄量。

This experiment aimed to study the effects of compound organic trace minerals(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium)reducing level instead of inorganic trace minerals on growth performance,meat quality,serum antioxidant capacity and fecal trace element emissions of meat ducks.A total of 450 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 15 ducks in each replicate.The inorganic control group(ITM group)was supplemented with inorganic trace minerals recommended by NRC(1994,the same as below)in a basal diet(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium was added by 40.0,10.0,50.0,60.0,0.2 mg/kg,respectively);the blank control group(NC group)was fed the basal diet without additional iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium;the 1/2NRC inorganic group(1/2ITM group)and the 1/2NRC organic group(1/2OTM group)were added 50%of the NRC recommended amount of inorganic or organic trace elements(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium was added by 20.0,5.0,25.0,30.0,0.1 mg/kg,respectively);and the 1/2ITM+1/2OTM group was added 50%of the NRC recommended amount of inorganic trace elements and organic trace elements in the basal diet.The trial period was 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the ITM group,the body weight(BW)and average daily gain(ADG)of 1 to 21 and 1 to 42-day-old meat ducks in the NC and 1/2 ITM groups were significantly lower(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in BW,ADG and feed conversion rate(FCR)of meat ducks in the1/2OTM group and 1/2ITM+1/2OTM group at each stage(P>0.05).The BW and ADG of meat ducks in the 1/2OTM group were significantly higher than those in the 1/2ITM group at each stage(P<0.05).2)Except that the breast muscle drip loss of meat ducks in NC group was significantly higher than that in the ITM group(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in pH,meat color,drip loss and cooking loss of the breast muscle among groups(P>0.05).3)Compared with the ITM group,the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in serum of 21-day-old meat ducks and the T-AOC and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity of 42-day-old meat ducks in the NC and 1/2ITM groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05),as well as the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum was significantly increased(P<0.05).However,except for serum GSH-Px activity,there were no significant difference in serum antioxidant capacity in the 1/2OTM and 1/2ITM+1/2OTM groups compared with the ITM group(P>0.05).Compared with the 1/2ITM group,the serum T-AOC and CAT activity in 21-day-old meat ducks and T-SOD activity in 42-day-old meat duck were significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the ITM group,the fecal iron,copper,manganese and zinc excretion of meat ducks in the NC,1/2ITM,1/2OTM and 1/2ITM+1/2OTM groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05),especially,fecal iron,copper,manganese and zinc excretion in the 1/2OITM group were significantly reduced by 19.68%,38.40%,17.58%,41.30%and 37.83%than those in the NC group(P<0.05).The fecal trace elements in the 1/2OTM group decreased to varying degrees in comparison with the 1/2ITM group,and the excretion of copper and selenium in the feces of meat ducks in the 1/2OTM group was significantly reduced by 10.96%and 16.36%,respectively(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the excretion of trace minerals followed the order overall:NC group<1/2OTM group<1/2ITM group<1/2ITM+1/2OTM group<ITM group.Overall,under the conditions of this experiment,it is recommended to adding 50%of the NRC-recommended dose of compound organic trace elements to the meat duck corn-soybean meal diet to reduce the amount of inorganic trace elements,which not only can maintain the normal growth performance,meat quality and body antioxidant of the meat ducks,but also can significantly reduce the excretion of iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium in the feces.