种鸽饲粮不同水平铁对乳鸽体重、屠宰性能、肉品质及血液指标的影响

Effects of Different Levels of Iron in Breeding Pigeon Diets on Body Weight,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Blood Indexes of Squabs

本试验旨在探究种鸽饲粮不同铁(FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)水平对乳鸽体重、屠宰性能、肉品质及铁含量、血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积的影响,为肉鸽生产中种鸽饲粮铁的合理添加提供科学依据。试验选取120对健康、平均体重和产蛋性能相近的银羽王亲代种鸽,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复3对种鸽,每对种鸽哺喂2只乳鸽。5组种鸽分别饲喂不添加铁的基础饲粮(对照组)及在基础饲粮中分别添加75、150、300和600 mg/kg铁的试验饲粮,饲粮以颗粒料形式喂给种鸽。试验期46 d,其中孵化期18 d,哺乳期28 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加150 mg/kg铁组1~28日龄乳鸽平均日增重显著高于饲粮添加75、300 mg/kg铁组(P<0.05),并较对照组及添加600 mg/kg铁组分别提高了4.4%和6.2%。饲粮添加75 mg/kg铁组1~28日龄乳鸽平均日采食量显著低于对照组、饲粮添加150和600 mg/kg铁组(P<0.05),较饲粮添加300 mg/kg铁组降低6.2%。2)饲粮添加75 mg/kg铁组28日龄乳鸽胸肌率较其他各组显著降低(P<0.05),各组间28日龄乳鸽屠宰率、半净膛率、腹脂率和全净膛率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)饲粮添加150 mg/kg铁组乳鸽胸肌肉色红度值最高,且显著高于饲粮添加75、600 mg/kg铁组(P<0.05),但与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);各组间胸肌亮度和黄度值、剪切力、pH与滴水损失均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)饲粮铁水平对乳鸽及种鸽血液指标中的血红蛋白含量、血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加150 mg/kg铁可使乳鸽的平均日增重及胸肌肉色红度值达到较高水平。

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different iron(FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)levels in the breeding pigeon diets on body weight,slaughter performance,meat quality,iron content,hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of squabs,so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational addition of dietary iron in the production of meat pigeons.A total of 120 pairs of silver feather king parental breeding pigeons with similar health,average weight and egg laying performance were randomly divided into 5 groups,with 8 repetitions in each group,3 pairs of breeding pigeons in each repetition,and 2 squabs were fed to each pair of breeding pigeons.The five groups of breeding pigeons were fed a basic diet without iron and experimental diets with 75,150,300 and 600 mg/kg iron,respectively.The diet was fed to breeding pigeons in the form of granular feed.The experimental period was 46 days,including 18 days of incubation and 28 days of lactation.The results showed as follows:1)average daily gain of squabs at 1 to 28 days of age in 150 mg/kg iron group was significantly higher than that in 75 and 300 mg/kg iron groups(P<0.05),and increased 4.4%and 6.2%compared with the control group and 600 mg/kg iron group,respectively.The average daily feed intake of squabs at 1 to 28 days of age in 75 mg/kg iron group was significantly lower than that in control group,150 and 600 mg/kg iron groups(P<0.05),and was 6.2%lower than that in 300 mg/kg iron group.2)Breast muscle percentage of squabs at 28 days of age in 75 mg/kg iron group was significantly decreased compared with other groups(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in slaughter rate,half-eviscerated rate,abdominal fat rate and eviscerated rate of 28-day-old squabs among all groups(P>0.05).3)The breast muscle redness value in 150 mg/kg iron group was the highest,and was significantly higher than that in 75 and 600 mg/kg iron groups(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference compared with control group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in pectoral muscle brightness,yellowness value,shear force,pH and drip loss among all groups(P>0.05).4)Dietary iron level had no significant effects on hemoglobin,hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in blood indexes of squabs and breeding pigeons(P>0.05).It can be seen that the daily gain and breast muscle color redness of squabs can reach a higher level by adding 150 mg/kg iron to the basic diet or the basic diet.