7种中草药对肉牛瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响

Effects of 7 Kinds of Chinese Herbs on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production of Beef Cattle

本试验旨在利用体外发酵法探讨7种中草药及其不同添加剂量对肉牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷(CH_(4))等温室气体产量的影响。以3头体况相近的健康筠连黄牛作为瘤胃液供体,采用7×3+1两因素完全随机试验设计,设置7种中草药(野葛根、荆芥、柴胡、金银花、钩藤、仙鹤草和五香血藤)和3种添加剂量(分别为每200 mg底物额外添加15、20、25 mg),并设置1个不添加中草药的对照,共计22个处理,每个处理设置3个重复。测定体外发酵24 h后的产气量(GP)、瘤胃发酵参数以及CH_(4)、二氧化碳(CO_(2))和氢气(H_(2))产量。结果表明:1)中草药种类对GP,氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度,乙酸/丙酸值以及H_(2)、CH_(4)和CO_(2)产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01),添加剂量对NH_(3)-N、MCP、TVFA及丙酸浓度有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),中草药种类与添加剂量的交互效应对NH_(3)-N、TVFA、乙酸和丁酸浓度有显著影响(P<0.05)。2)与不添加中草药的对照相比,添加25 mg野葛根显著提高了TVFA、乙酸、丙酸浓度以及H_(2)产量(P<0.05);添加3种剂量的荆芥均显著提高了丁酸浓度(P<0.05),添加20 mg荆芥还使NH_(3)-N、TVFA、乙酸浓度及H_(2)、CH_(4)产量显著增加(P<0.05);添加3种剂量的金银花均显著降低了乙酸/丙酸值(P<0.05),添加20 mg金银花还显著降低了CH_(4)和CO_(2)产量(P<0.05);添加25 mg仙鹤草显著提高了MCP浓度(P<0.05),且使CO_(2)产量显著降低(P<0.05);添加3种剂量的五香血藤均显著降低了乙酸/丙酸值(P<0.05),添加15、20 mg五香血藤还使NH_(3)-N、TVFA和乙酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05);添加3种剂量的柴胡和钩藤对各指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,金银花和仙鹤草具有降低体外发酵温室气体产量的作用,且不会对瘤胃发酵造成不良影响。

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of 7 kinds of Chinese herbs and their additional doses on in vitro rumen fermentation and greenhouse gas like methane(CH_(4))production of beef cattle.Three healthy Junlian yellow cattle with similar body condition were used as rumen fluid donors.A 7×3+1 completely randomized design was set on with 7 Chinese herbs[Pueraria montana(Lour.)Merr.,Nepeta cataria L.,Bupleurum Chinense DC.,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.),Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder&E.H.Wilson]and 3 additional doses(15,20 and 25 mg extra per 200 mg substrate),and a control without supplementation of Chinese herb was set to form 22 treatments with 3 replication each.The gas production(GP),rumen fermentation parameters and the production of CH_(4),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and hydrogen(H_(2))were measured after 24 h in vitro fermentation.The results showed as follows:1)the species of Chinese herb had extreme significant effects on GP,ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),microbial crude protein(MCP),total volatile fatty acids(TVFA),acetic acid(AA),propionic acid(PA),butyric acid(BA)concentrations,AA/PA(A/P)ratio and H_(2),CH_(4) and CO_(2) production(P<0.01).The additional dose had significant or extreme significant effects on NH_(3)-N,MCP,TVFA and PA concentrations(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The interaction between the species of Chinese herb and the additional dose had significant effects on the concentrations of NH_(3)-N,TVFA,AA and BA(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group without supplementation of Chinese herb,the concentrations of TVFA,AA,PA and H_(2) production were significantly increased by adding 25 mg Pueraria montana(Lour.)Merr.(P<0.05);adding 3 doses of Nepeta cataria L.significantly increased the BA concentration,also the NH_(3)-N,TVFA,AA concentrations and H_(2),CH_(4) production were significantly increased by adding 20 mg Nepeta cataria L.(P<0.05);adding 3 doses of Lonicera japonica Thunb.significantly decreased the A/P ratio,else the CH_(4) and CO_(2) production were significantly decreased by adding 20 mg Lonicera japonica Thunb.(P<0.05);the concentration of MCP was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the CO_(2) production was significantly reduced by adding 25 mg Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.(P<0.05);adding 3 doses of Schisandra sphenanthera significantly decreased the A/P ratio,also the concentrations of NH_(3)-N,TVFA and AA were significantly decreased by adding 15 and 20 mg Schisandra sphenanthera(P<0.05).There were no significant effects on each index when adding 3 doses of Bupleurum Chinense DC.and Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)compared with the control group(P>0.05).Based on the above,Lonicera japonica Thunb.and Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.have potential for reducing greenhouse gas production of in vitro fermentation,and have no adverse effect on rumen fermentation.