云南不同强度短时强降水和大风时空分布特征研究

Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics of Short-time Heavy Rainfall and Gale in Yunnan from 2013 to 2019

利用2013~2019年云南省逐小时气象数据,研究不同等级短时强降水和大风的时空分布特征。结果表明:云南短时强降水和大风多出现在山地和河谷等地形复杂区。其中,云南短时强降水强度大多低于30 mm·h^(−1),峰值出现在7~8月,午后至清晨出现短时强降水概率高,大多分布在滇西南、滇南、滇东边缘以及金沙江河谷。大风多为6级左右,3月出现最多,中午至午后更易出现,主要分布在滇西北横断山脉至滇南哀牢山以东。雷暴大风多为7级左右,呈双峰型分布,春季多于夏季,日峰值出现在16~17时,高发区主要在玉龙雪山和苍山以东以及哀牢山、无量山附近。

The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall and gale weather with different intensity were anlayzed by using the hourly meteorological data of Yunnan Province during 2013 to 2019.The results reflected that the short-time heavy rainfall and gale in Yunnan mostly occurred in mountainous and valley areas with complex terrian.Among them,the short-time heavy rainfall intensity in Yunnnan was mostly less than 30 mm·h−1,and the monthly variation of short-time heavy rainfall showed a unimodal distribution which peaked from July to August.There was a high probability of short-time heavy rainfall from afternoon to early morning,mostly distributed in the marginal areas of southern,southwestern and eastern Yunnan,as well as the Jinsha River Valley to the east of Lijiang.The gale weather were mostly about level 6,most occurred in March and were more likely to appear at noon and afternoon,mainly distributed from the Hengduan Mountains in northwestern Yunnan to the east of Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan.The thunderstorm winds were mostly about level 7,showing a bimodal distribution.Thunderstorm winds appeared more in spring than in summer.The daily period of its highest frequency was from 16:00 to 17:00.The high incidence areas of thunderstorm mainly distributed in the east of Yulong Snow Mountain and Cangshan Mountain,as well as near Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain.