上海市嘉定区2018-2020年成蚊生态学监测研究

Ecological surveillance of adult mosquitoes in Jiading district,Shanghai from 2018 to 2020

目的了解上海市嘉定区近年来成蚊种类、种群密度、分布生境及季节趋势等,为嘉定区蚊媒防制和蚊媒传染病控制提供科学依据。方法2018-2020年采用CO_(2)诱蚊灯法监测嘉定区不同生境成蚊密度,整理分析监测数据,分析蚊虫的种类构成、季节消长趋势、不同生境蚊虫密度差异。用χ^(2)检验比较不同构成比的差异,用单因素方差分析比较对不同生境的蚊密度差异。结果淡色库蚊构成比最高(82.70%),其次为三带喙库蚊(10.32%)、白纹伊蚊(5.49%);不同年份各蚊种构成比不同,差异有统计学意义(P≤0.001)。淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊的密度峰值分别出现在6和7月,密度分别为2.28和0.39只/(灯∙h),白纹伊蚊和中华按蚊高峰时段持续时间较长,分别出现在6-9月和7-9月。在不同的生境类型中,医院监测平均蚊密度最高,达1.41只/(灯∙h),公园密度最低,为0.25只/(灯∙h)。淡色库蚊为各监测生境中绝对优势蚊种,三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊在牲畜棚中的密度远高于其他生境,密度分别为0.51和0.07只/(灯∙h),差异均有统计学意义(F=3.736,P=0.012;F=6.194,P=0.001)。白纹伊蚊不同环境中峰值出现时间差异较大,且在蚊虫活动高峰季节,医院和公园环境白纹伊蚊密度出现先降后升的现象,下降的时间点分别为8和6月。结论嘉定区蚊密度总体处于比较低的水平,但应加强医院、牲畜棚、居民区等生境的蚊虫防制,对于不同的蚊种,应根据蚊虫活动规律采取针对性、科学、有效的防控策略。

Objective To investigate the species,population density,habitat distribution,and seasonal trend of adult mosquitoes in Jiading district,Shanghai,China in recent years,and to provide a scientific basis for the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases.Methods Adult mosquitoes were monitored by the CO_(2)-baited baited light trap method in various habitats from 2018 to 2020,and analyzed mosquito species composition,seasonal fluctuation,and density differences between various habitats.Differences in mosquito species composition were examined using Chi-squared test,and ANOVA was used to analyze differences of density in different habitats.Results Culex pipiens pallens accounted for the highest proportion(82.70%)of the captured mosquitoes,followed by Cx.tritaeniorhynchus(10.32%)and Aedes albopictus(5.49%).The composition ratio of each mosquito species was significantly different in different years(P≤0.001).The densities of Cx.pipiens pallens and Cx.tritaeniorhynchus peaked in June and July,respectively,being 2.28 and 0.39 mosquitoes/lamp∙h,respectively.The peak periods of Ae.albopictus and Anopheles sinensis lasted for a longer time,appearing from June to September and from July to September,respectively.Among various types of habitats,the average mosquito density was highest in hospitals(1.41 mosquitoes/lamp∙h)and lowest in parks(0.25 mosquitoes/lamp∙h).Cx.pipiens pallens was the absolutely dominant species in all monitored habitats.The densities of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus(0.51 mosquitoes/lamp∙h)and An.sinensis(0.07 mosquitoes/lamp∙h)in livestock sheds were significantly much higher than their densities in other habitats(F=3.763,P=0.012;F=6.194,P<0.001).The peak time of Ae.albopictus varied greatly in different habitats.During the peak season of mosquito activity,Ae.albopictus densities in hospitals and parks showed a decrease followed by an increase,with the decline occurring in August and June,respectively.Conclusion The density of mosquitoes in Jiading district is generally at a relatively low level.However,mosquito control in hospitals,livestock sheds,and residential areas should be strengthened.Targeted,scientific,and effective control strategies should be taken according to the activity patterns of different mosquito species.