黄河源区水源涵养能力研究综述

A review on water conservation capacity in Yellow River source region

黄河源区是黄河流域的主要产流区和水源涵养区,近年来源区径流量呈下降趋势,气温、降水、辐射、潜在蒸散发等是影响水源涵养的主要气候因素,草地退化、湿地萎缩、冻土消融也使得水源涵养单元受到显著影响。为科学认识和理解黄河源区水源涵养功能对湿地保护、水资源调蓄的重要意义,总结了水源涵养功能及其评估方法,阐述了黄河源区生态景观演变过程和泥炭地储水量研究现状,分析了不同水源涵养单元对源区水源涵养能力的影响。指出融合多种研究手段、方法,多尺度、多过程、多要素揭示黄河源区水源涵养变化机理是未来黄河源区水源涵养功能研究的发展方向。

The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR)is the main runoff area and water conservation area in the Yellow River basin.The runoff in the SRYR has been declining in recent decades.Climate factors such as temperature,precipitation,radiation,and potential evapotranspiration are the main factors affecting water conservation.Grassland degradation,wetland shrinkage and frozen soil ablation also significantly affected the water conservation units.To scientifically know and understand the water conservation function of the SRYR in wetland protection,water resource regulation and storage,the water conservation function and its evaluation methods were summarized.The evolution process of the ecological landscape in the SRYR and the current research of peatland water storage were expounded.The impact of different water conservation units on the water conservation capacity of the SRYR was analyzed.A variety of research methods should be integrated to reveal the change mechanism of water conservation in the SRYR from multi-scale,multi-process and multi-element,which can be the future research direction.