拆坝对河流生态环境影响利弊研究综述

Review on influence of dam removal on advantages and disadvantages of river ecological environment

为研究拆坝对生态环境影响的利弊,介绍了拆坝对水文情势、泥沙输运、河道地貌、河道水质、栖息地质量及生物多样性等生态的影响,综述了拆坝后河道物理化学及重要生态特性之间响应关系的研究进展。拆坝对生态环境的影响具有时空复杂性,且各生态因子相互影响;水文情势的变化是所有生态响应的触发条件,泥沙输运是生态响应的关键性因子。为了河道长期连续性的开发与利用,研究泥沙输运及泥沙污染物的释放规律,预测拆坝后河道水质时空变化过程,分析流域尺度上生态系统之间的响应关系等对拆坝的评估决策十分重要。

To study the influence of dam removal on river ecological environment,the impacts of dam removal on hydrological regime,sediment transport,fluvial geomorphology,river water quality,habitat quality and biodiversity were introduced.Progress on the response relationship among river physical chemical characteristics and important ecological characteristics was summarized.The impact of dam removal on ecological environment has spatiotemporal complexity and each ecological factor influences each other.Hydrological regime change is the trigger of all ecological responses and sediment transport is found to be the key factor affecting the ecological environment.Considering the long-term continuous development and utilization of rivers,the study of sediment transport and release of sediment pollutants,the prediction of the spatiotemporal variation of river water quality after dam removal,and the analysis of the response relationship between ecosystems at the watershed scale are important in the evaluation and decision-making of dam removal.