电动钻机电机直驱技术现状与发展趋势

Current Status and Trend of Motor Direct-Drive Technology of Electric Rigs

常规钻井装备的可靠性不足和愈加严格的节能环保要求制约了钻井作业效率的提高。电机直驱技术因其传动效率和可靠性高,是电动钻井装备未来的发展方向。为了促进国内电机直驱钻井装备的发展,详细论述了国内外直驱钻井泵、直驱绞车、直驱顶驱和直驱转盘,并对上述电机直驱钻井装备的电机配置、电机调速技术、传动结构和一体化程度进行了较为详细的介绍,分析了电机直驱技术在钻井装备中应用的优势,并总结了直驱电机在散热、大功率输出和制造方面的局限,表明电动钻机电机直驱技术的关键是直驱电机,电机直驱钻井装备的开发与大功率电机的研制和电机控制技术的发展密切相关。最后对国内大功率、大扭矩、高散热效率直驱电机的研制,电机直驱钻井装备一体化、模块化设计,系列化直驱电机制造产业发展给出了几点建议。

Insufficient reliability of conventional drilling equipment and increasingly stringent energy-saving environmental protection requirements restraint the increase of drilling efficiency.Motor direct drive technology is regarded as the future development direction of electric drilling equipment due to its high transmission and reliability.In order to promote the development of domestic motor direct-drive drilling equipment,several foreign and domestic direct-drive mud pumps,direct-drive winches,direct-drive top drives and direct-drive rotary tables were discussed in detail.The motor configuration,motor speed control technology,transmission structure and mechatronics of the above-mentioned motor direct-drive drilling equipment were introduced.The advantages of the application of motor direct drive technology in drilling equipment were analyzed,and the limitations of direct drive motors in heat dissipation,high power output and manufacturing were also summarized.It shows that the key to the direct drive technology of electric rig is the direct drive motor.The development of motor direct-drive drilling equipment is closely related to the development of high-power motors and motor control technology.Finally,several suggestions were given for the development of direct drive motors with high power,high torque,and high heat dissipation,the integration and modular design of motor direct-drive drilling equipment,and the development of serialized manufacturing industry of direct drive motors.The results contribute to the intelligent and automatic development of electric rigs in China.