中国零碳社会建设的社会学之思:内涵、挑战与出路

Sociological Thoughts on Construction of China’s Zero-Carbon Society:Connotations,Challenges and Solutions

人类“碳足迹”引发的全球变暖既是环境问题,也是社会问题。实现碳达峰、碳中和的关键在于推动零碳社会建设。零碳社会建设包括发展理念与模式转变、环境公平正义维护、多元主体协同参与、日常生活方式变革等。我国零碳社会建设已初步形成“一体多元”格局、“1+N”政策体系、系统理论及典型案例等。同时也面临治碳窗口期短,高碳经济惯性,气候政治与生存道义张力,制度政策、科学技术与治理体系不健全等问题。对此,可诉诸反思批判、专业工具、介入行动、政策构建等社会学之维探寻出路:从地缘政治走向生物圈合作,打造全球碳治理共同体;经济发展全面向绿色发展转型,完善生态立法,实施绿色社会政策;培育绿色社会组织,发展绿色社会工作及志愿服务;推动社会干预,进行日常生活管理。

Human’s carbon use causing global warming is not only an environmental problem,but also a social problem.The key to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutralization is to promote the zero-carbon society construction which includes the shift of development concept and mode,the realization of environmental justice,the joint participation of all parties,the transformation of everyday lifestyle and so on.China’s zero-carbon society construction has initially achieved an“integrated diversity”pattern,“1+N”policy framework,systematic theory and typical cases.Yet,it faces many challenges:the short window period of carbon emissions governance and the arduous task,high-carbon economy inertia,tensions between climate politics and survival morality,and unsound system policies,technology and macro governance system.Thus,it is feasible to resort to the sociological perspectives of reflection and criticism,professional tools,intervention activity,and policy construction to seek the solutions.