西方“文明标准”演化与新的大国博弈

Origins and Evolutions of Western“Standard of Civilization”

所谓西方的“文明标准”是19世纪欧洲列强强加给非欧洲世界的国际规范,也是它们为海外殖民扩张制造的合法性依据,对19世纪特别是20世纪的历史进程产生过重大影响。西方的“文明标准”并没有因为20世纪大批新兴国家走上国际舞台而销声匿迹,而是在一战、二战和冷战的持续冲击之下发生嬗变,并在冷战结束之后“卷土重来”,有关“新文明标准”的争论正在成为美西方国家与非西方大国博弈的焦点。百年未有之大变局正在持续展开,新的“文明标准”是导向西方与非西方的对立,还是指向人类命运共同体,无疑将对大变局的走向产生至关重要的影响。

The so-called“Western Standard Civilization”were the international norms imposed by the European powers on the non-European world in the 19th century,and the legitimacy basis created for their colonial expansion as well,which had a significant impact on the historical process of the 19th and 20th century.As the entry condition for the Western-dominated international system and society,Western standard of civilization had not been moved away even most of non-European nations had achieved independence in the late 20th century,but survived with the changing world resulted from the World War I,World War II and the Cold War,and even meeting a“return”after the end of the Cold War.The fighting of“the New Standard of Civilization”is becoming a focus of Western and non-Western power game.Whether the New Standard of Civilization would lead to confrontation between the West and the Rest,or to a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind,will undoubtedly have a crucial impact on the direction of the great changes.