基于帕累托图的某三甲医院死亡病例分析

Application of Pareto Chart in the Analysis of Death Cases in a Three A and Tertiary Hospital

目的 运用帕累托图对某院死亡病例死因的构成及影响因素进行分析,为合理配置医院资源,预防相关死因提供科学依据。方法 用方便抽样对某院2018年1月1日-2019年12月31日住院病例中1848例死亡患者的电子病历资料进行回顾性分析。用Minitab18软件绘制帕累托图,分析死因构成,并借助Minitab18绘制多变异图和变异源帕累托图来分析死因的主要影响因素。结果 1848例死亡病例,75岁以上占总死亡人数的36.1%;各年龄段死亡病例男性均多于女性。根本死因主要为:循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病,累计构成比占77.9%。对循环系统疾病这类死因进行变异源分析,发现该类死因在年龄、性别、民族中年龄为主要影响因素,占3类总变异的69.3%。结论 死亡病例主要因素集中在循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病4类疾病,且循环系统疾病的主要变异源为年龄,因此医院应有针对性地开展相关预防工作和相关诊治,为患者提供更有效的医疗保障。

Objectives Pareto Chart was used to analyze the causes of death and its influencing factors in a hospital,so as to provide scientific basis for rational allocation of hospital resources and prevention of related causes of death.Methods Electronic medical records of 1848 patients who died in a hospital from January 1 st,2018 to December 31 st,2019 were retrospectively analyzed by convenience sampling.Minitab18 software was used to draw the Pareto Chart to analyze the causes of death,and Minitab18 was used to draw the multi-variation diagram and the Pareto Chart of variation sources to analyze the main influencing factors of death.Results Of the 1,848 deaths,36.1% were over 75 years old,more men than women died in all age groups.The main causes of death were circulatory system diseases,neoplasms,respiratory system diseases and digestive system diseases,accounting for 77.9 per cent in total.The results showed that age,sex and ethnicity were the main influencing factors,accounting for 69.3% of the total variation of circulatory diseases.Conclusions The main causes of death were circulatory system diseases,tumors,respiratory system diseases and digestive system diseases,and the main variation source of circulatory system diseases was age.Therefore,hospitals should carry out relevant prevention and treatment targeted to provide patients with more effective medical security.