明代珠江三角洲的养鸭业与养鸭开村传说

Duck Husbandry and the Legend of Raising Duck to Establish a Village in the Pearl River Delta during the Ming Dynasty

明代以来,伴随着珠江三角洲土地开发进程的加速,通过养鸭治虫获得稻鸭双丰收的生态农业模式也得到了快速发展。明初广东以“火焙鸭”为标志的鸭卵孵化术日渐成熟,进一步带动了珠江三角洲养鸭业的繁荣。明代养鸭业的发展还产生了职业养鸭人群体及管理养鸭业的鸭埠之制。出身低微的养鸭人通过在低洼之地定居养鸭、积累财富后,成为开村之祖。养鸭成村成为珠江三角洲地区一种独特的开村模式,并留下许多养鸭开村的传说。通过对这一开村传说类型与特点的系统性梳理,有助于更好地理解珠江三角洲地区自然村落形成与发展的历史。

With the acceleration of land development in the Pearl River Delta since Ming,the ecological agriculture model of harvest the rice and duck by raising ducks to control insects also developed rapidly.In the early Ming,the duck egg hatching technique of"fire baked duck"in Guangdong became more and more mature,which further led to the prosperity of duck husbandry in the Pearl River Delta.The duck husbandry also created a group of professional duck breeders and a duck port system for managing duck husbandry.Duck breeders from humble origins became the ancestors of new villages after settling in low-lying areas to raise ducks and accumulate wealth.Raising duck to establish a village became a unique village creating model in the Pearl River Delta,leaving many raising duck to establish a village legends.Through the systematic investigation of the types and characteristics of the village creating legend,it is helpful to better understand the formation and development history of villages in the Pearl River Delta.