网络犯罪帮助行为的教义学分析——以《刑法》第二百八十七条之二为分析对象

A Doctrinal Analysis of Help Behavior in Cybercrime——Take Article 287 Bis of Criminal Law as the Analysis Object

互联网时代,网络技术带来的红利和风险并存,传统刑法理论已疲于应对互联网时代各种不确定的风险。《刑法修正案(九)》增设帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪,体现了我国刑事立法从消极的一般预防到积极的一般预防的转型。该罪的立法性质既非量刑规则也非帮助行为正犯化,更不是不作为犯,而是为弥补传统帮助犯不足的补充性立法,体现的是积极主义刑法观“严而不厉”的思想。有必要合理确定帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪与传统帮助犯之间的界限,为此应当采取类型化的方法对各种情形逐一进行讨论。为厘清中立帮助行为的处罚范围,应当合理划定被容许风险的边界。

In the Internet age,benefits and risks brought by network technology coexist.Traditional criminal law theories are not enough for dealing with various uncertain risks.The Criminal Law Amendment(IX)added the crime of helping information cybercrime,which reflects the transformation of China's criminal legislation from a negative general prevention to a positive general prevention.The legislative nature of the crime is not a sentencing rule or a helping behavior being criminalized,nor a crime of omission.It is a supplementary legislation to make up for the inadequacy of traditional accessory offender,which embodies the“rigorous but not severe”thought of the view of positive criminal law.It is necessary to reasonably determine the boundary between the crime of helping information cybercrime and the traditional accessory offender.Therefore,different methods should be adopted in different situations.The boundaries of allowable risk should be reasonably delineated to clarify the scope of penalties for neutral helping behaviors.