优秀跳台滑雪运动员起跳技术的生物力学分析

Biomechanics Analysis of the Take-Off Technique of Elite Ski Jumpers

研究目的:对我国优秀运动员的起跳技术进行动作技术诊断,探究优秀跳台滑雪运动员起跳阶段的运动学特征。研究方法:以8名吉林省优秀跳台滑雪运动员为研究对象,采用3台高速摄影机,按照三维DLT法的要求,垂直于滑行方向对运动员起跳时的影像进行3次跳台滑雪拍摄,选取成绩最好的1次滑行进行研究。研究结论:在起跳阶段,与世界级运动员相比,我国优秀运动员起跳时下肢髋关节、膝关节角速度较小,踝关节角速度较大且下肢关节发力顺序存在差别,存在过早蹬伸及重心靠后等情况,并且起跳时刻身体躯干角度过大,增加了空气阻力作用。

Research purposes:To diagnose the take-off technique of elite ski jumpers in my country,and to explore the kinematic characteristics of elite ski jumpers during the take-off stage.Research methods:Taking 8 outstanding ski jumpers in Jilin Province as the research objects,using 3 high-speed cameras,according to the requirements of the threedimensional DLT method,shooting the images of the athletes when they take off perpendicular to the sliding direction,and shooting the ski jumping 3 times,and the best results are selected.Research conclusion:In the take-off stage,compared with world-class athletes,Chinese elite athletes have lower angular velocities of lower extremity hip and knee joints,higher angular velocities of ankle joints,and different force sequences of lower extremity joints during take-off.Backwards,etc.,and the torso angle is too large at the time of take-off,which increases the air resistance.