列斐伏尔日常生活批判思想的艺术革命探索之路

The Exploration ofArtistic Revolution in Lefebvre's Critical Thought of Daily Life

20世纪欧洲以至世界革命的失败使西方左翼社会批判思潮逐渐对传统革命观产生了动摇乃至于质疑。很多西方马克思主义者悲观地认定宏观层面上的政治经济社会整体革命将越来越不再可能,于是他们纷纷试图寻找“新”的或“另类”的革命方式以期解决资本主义社会的现代性危机与难题,列斐伏尔便是其中的著名代表之一。他否定了启蒙哲学的历史主义和进步主义的宏观叙事逻辑,而欲另觅新途。在他看来,总体性革命的失败随即带来了现代性问题即虚无主义,而解决这一问题不再可能是社会政治经济制度客观层面的变革,而必须是对作为人类文明发展中永恒而常新形态的日常生活这一微观层面的批判、变革与创造。在此过程中,列斐伏尔发掘出尼采“酒神精神”的艺术生命力,创造性地将其与马克思的“人的自由全面发展”的总体性革命历史观相结合,生成了一种扬弃现代性异化的“总体人”的辩证法的未来诗性哲学。可以说,列斐伏尔早期试图在日常生活批判中发现一种不同于以资本统治为核心的现代性文化的新文明类型之思想,不仅对于批判当时法西斯主义神秘意识以及二战后资本主义消费意识形态与都市主义具有重要价值,而且为21世纪人类文明新形态的探索也提供了有益的镜鉴。

The failure of revolution in Europe and the world in the 20th century made the western left-wing social critical thoughts gradually shake and even challenge the traditional revolutionary view.Many western Marxists pessimistically reckoned that the overall political,economic and social revolution at the macro level would become increasingly impossible.Therefore,they are trying to find“new”or“alternative”revolutionary ways to solve the crisis and problems of modernity in capitalist society.Lefebvre is one of the remarkable representatives.He gainsaid the macro narrative logic of historicism and progressivism in enlightenment philosophy,hankering for a new way.In his view,the failure of the overall revolution immediately brought about the problem of modernity,that is,nihilism.To solve this problem,it can no longer be the objective change of the social,political and economic system,but must be the criticism,change and creation of the micro-level daily life,which is an eternal and new form in the development of human civilization.In this process,Lefebvre discovered the artistic vitality of Nietzsche's“Dionysian spirit”,creatively combined it with Marx's general revolutionary historical view of“the free and all-round development of human beings”to form a future poetic philosophy which sublated the dialectic of“general human”of modern alienation.It can be said that Lefebvre's early attempt to discover a new type of civilization in his daily life criticism,which is different from the modern culture with capital rule as the core,is not only of great value in criticizing the then fascist mystical ideology,the capitalist consumption ideology and urbanism after World War II,but also provides a useful mirror for the exploration of new forms of human civilization in the 21st century.