列斐伏尔的辩证唯物主义观--对“从抽象上升到具体”辩证法的逻辑学、认识论与存在论追问

Henri Lefebvre's View of Dialectical Materialism:Logical,Epistemological,and Ontological Inquiries into the Dialectics of Ascent from the Abstract to the Concrete

列斐伏尔以马克思对辩证逻辑的接纳标记辩证唯物主义的诞生。然而他所理解的这种辩证逻辑并不显现为黑格尔“抽象自我展开为具体”或马克思“抽象延续深化至具体”的范畴演进,而可以说是一种“抽象差异性生成具体”的开放过程。逻辑学意义上抽象与具体之转化过程的变革与作为科学认识起点的“抽象”及作为认识目标的“具体”的转移密切相关,又更根本地奠基于实践具有创造性与开放性的存在论内涵。列斐伏尔的辩证唯物主义由此最终指向一种不断从知性上升到理性以破除拜物教的客观性幻象的理论任务,以及一种不断以日常生活艺术身体力行突破现实异化,回归总体内容的实践任务。以“从抽象上升到具体”这一马克思主义经典论题切入列斐伏尔早期重要理论著作《辩证唯物主义》,有利于辨明列斐伏尔辩证唯物主义观的独特意旨,并由此深入理解列斐伏尔本人思想的发展脉络以及西方马克思主义与马克思的关系问题。

Henri Lefebvre held that dialectical materialism did not exist until Marx accepted Hegel's dialectical logic.Nevertheless,his understanding of dialectical logic was quite different from Hegel's or Marx's.This different understanding of ascent from the abstract to the concrete in the logical sense is closely related to the transfer of“abstraction”as the starting point of scientific understanding and“concreteness”as the goal of knowledge,and is more fundamentally based on the existential connotation of creativity and openness in practice...Lefebvre's dialectical materialism thus ultimately points to a theoretical task that constantly rises from intellectuality to reason in order to break the illusion of objectivity of fetishism,and a practical task that constantly breaks through the alienation of reality and returns to the general content with the practice of the art of everyday life..Taking the Marxist classic thesis of“ascent from the abstract to the concrete”as a reference to investigate Lefebvre's early theoretical work Dialectical Materialism helps us identify the unique meaning of Lefebvre's view of dialectical materialism and therefore get a better understanding of the development of Lefebvre's thought and of the relationship between Western Marxism and Marx.