不同形貌FOX-7炸药的制备及其性能表征

Preparation and Characterization of FOX-7 Explosives with Different Shapes

含能材料晶体的粒度和形貌对其性能影响较大,为了研究1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)炸药晶体形貌、粒度与其热分解性能的关系,采用溶剂-非溶剂法制备得到了不同形貌、粒度的FOX-7炸药颗粒。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪和撞击感度测试仪分别对FOX-7炸药的晶体形貌、粒度、晶型、热分解性能和安全性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明,通过改变降温速率、搅拌速率等工艺条件,可以得到海胆形、球形、花状和块状等不同形貌的FOX-7炸药颗粒,所制备的FOX-7炸药晶型与原料一致,均为α型;粒度和形貌对FOX-7分子内氢键的断裂和共轭体系的破坏影响较大,球形形貌有利于提高FOX-7的热分解温度;同一形貌的FOX-7样品,粒径越大,热稳定性越好。在粒径为几十微米的FOX-7样品中,球形形貌的FOX-7样品安全性能最好。

The particle size and morphology of energetic material crystal have a great influence on its performance. In order to study the relationship between crystal morphology,particle size and thermal decomposition performance of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7)explosive,FOX-7 explosive particles with different morphologies and particle sizes were prepared according to solvent/non-solvent method. Scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)and impact sensitivity tester were used to investigate the crystal morphology and particle size,crystal form,thermal decomposition property and safety property of FOX-7 explosives,respectively. The results show that by changing the cooling rate,stirring rate and other process conditions,FOX-7 explosive particles with different morphologies such as sea urchin shape,spherical shape,flower shape and block shape can be obtained. The crystal form of prepared FOX-7 explosive is consistent with that of raw material as α-form. The crystal morphology and particle size of FOX-7 have a great influence on the breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the destruction of the conjugated system,and the spherical shape is beneficial to increase the thermal decomposition temperature. For the FOX-7 sample with a same shape,the larger the particle size,the better the thermal stability. Among the FOX-7 samples with diameters of tens of microns,the sample with spherical morphology has the best safety performance.