上海市15岁及以上居民膳食摄入量分析

Analysis of dietary intake in the residents aged 15 years and above in Shanghai

【目的】提供上海市15岁及以上居民各种食物类别每日膳食摄入量以及不同区域、季节、性别、年龄分层的每日膳食摄入量等基础数据。【方法】采用多阶段分层比例概率抽样方法(PPS)抽取调查样本,使用食物频率表(FFQ)对调查对象2012—2013年春夏秋冬4个季节的食物摄入量进行调查。对样本的加权统计分析综合考虑了抽样设计权重、分层调整权重及无应答调整权重。【结果】上海市15岁及以上居民每日膳食总摄入量(不含饮用水)为1 174.71 g,其中每日膳食摄入量最高的3种食物类别为谷类(252.31 g)、蔬菜类(205.36 g)和水果类(141.00 g)。城市中心区、城郊接合区、远郊地区居民每日膳食总摄入量分别为1 209.15、1 172.27、948.50 g,远郊地区每日膳食总摄入量明显低于其他区域(F=74.12,P<0.001)。居民不同季节每日膳食总摄入量分别为春1 232.47 g、夏1 166.80 g、秋1 241.15 g、冬1 088.83 g,冬季每日膳食总摄入量低于其他季节(F=15.96,P<0.001),水果类和饮料类具有明显季节性。不同性别居民每日膳食总摄入量分别为男性1 234.03 g、女性1 112.32 g,男性每日膳食总摄入量高于女性(F=78.59,P<0.001)。居民不同年龄组每日膳食总摄入量分别为15~44岁1 218.64 g、45~59岁1 141.27 g、≥60岁1 064.54 g,居民每日膳食总摄入量随着年龄增大呈现递减趋势(F=20.28,P<0.001)。【结论】上海市15岁及以上居民谷类、畜禽肉、水产类、蛋类、食用油的每日摄入量相对均衡,但是蔬菜类、水果类、乳类的每日摄入量相对不足。居民不同食物种类的每日摄入量具有较为明显的城乡、季节和年龄性别特征。

[Objective]To provide basic data of daily dietary intake from various food categories as well as in different regions,seasons,genders,and age groups in Shanghai residents aged 15 and over.[Methods]Multistage stratified proportional probability sampling(PPS)was used to extract the samples,and food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)was used to investigate the dietary intake of the subjects in four seasons from 2012 to 2013. The weighted statistical analysis of the samples comprehensively considered the sampling design weights,the stratified adjustment weights,and the non-response adjustment weights.[Results]The total daily dietary intake(excluding drinking water)of residents aged 15 years and above was 1 174.71 g,and the highest three daily dietary intake categories were cereals(252.31 g),vegetables(205.36 g)and fruits(141.00 g). The total daily dietary intake of the residents in the urban area,the suburban area and the rural area was 1 209.15 g,1 172.27 g and 948.50 g,respectively,and the total daily dietary intake in the outer suburb area was significantly lower than that in other areas(F=74.12,P<0.001). The total daily dietary intake in different seasons was 1 232.47 g in spring,1 166.80 g in summer,1 241.15 g in autumn and 1 088.83 g in winter,respectively. The total daily dietary intake in winter was lower than that in other seasons(F=15.96,P<0.001). Fruits and beverages intake showed apparent seasonality. The total daily dietary intake in male and female residents was 1 234.03 g and 1 112.32 g,respectively,and the total daily dietary intake of male was higher than that of female(F=78.59,P<0.001). The total daily dietary intake of residents in different age groups was 1 218.64 g for 15-44 years old,1 141.27 g for 45-59 years old,and 1 064.54 g for 60 years old and above(F=20.28,P<0.001).[Conclusion]The daily intake of cereals,livestock and poultry meat,aquatic products,eggs and edible oil is relatively balanced,but the daily intake of vegetables,fruits and milk is relatively insufficient for the residents aged 15 years and above in Shanghai. The daily intake of different food types shows distinguishable characteristics in urban and rural areas,seasons,age groups and genders.